Computerized Manufacturing :: essays research papers fc

Computerized Manufacturing SystemsHistorical manufacturing and accounting management systems did not provide selective information for effective development of a production schedule or allow chain management. (6) Companies did not have the ability to measure inventory, workflow demonstrate, sweat and production efficiently or accurately. With the progression of mechanization and the revolution of the desktop computer accompanied by developing software companies are straightaway able to drill computerized manufacturing systems to record and maintain accurate data and management all aspects of the accounting and manufacturing process. (2) This paper will discuss the development of mechanisation and computerized manufacturing systems and specifically the ERP solution. Manufacturing systems were initially managed by abstract calculations or simulators designed to realize theoretical results and measure manufacturing schedules. These method actings were very fourth dimension con suming and cost effective. The line of descent of a manufacturing organization was broken down into various development phases. (1) These phases intromit the followingTable (1)Operation           The task to be performed in the manufacturing vocation shopProcessing Time      The amount of time required to process the subroutine (in most cases labels up times are in mutually beneficial of surgical operation relations and are included in processing time)Job     The set of operations that are interrelated by procedure constraints derived from technological restrictions. work     The piece of equipment (a device or a facility) capable of performing an operation. lay off Time      The time in which the job is released to the shop floor, it is the earliest time at which the first operation of the job can begin processing. collect Date      The t ime by which the last operation of the job should be completed.Completion Time      The time at which processing of the last operation of the job is complete.Schedule     Specification of execution of each operation on a particular machine at a specific time. A feasible schedule is a schedule that observes all problem constraints.These phases would usually be done manually and line managers would measure the process.(1) These measurements would be dependent on variable for example, sick time, employee production and employee motivation.(1) Although these steps are correspondent today these variables have been greatly removed from the manufacturing process through automation and more efficient production data and scheduling tools available.(1)Another method for developing manufacturing schedules was through the use of simulators. One of the original programming languages, "Fortran" was use as a tool for planning departments.(5) The pl anning team would use Fortran to construct simulation models for various industries, however one of the primary uses for these models was in manufacturing and process control.

Over My Dead Body Essay -- essays research papers

I have often wondered why people went through so much time and money disposing of shortly bodies. Once the person dies, I seriously doubt that they c ar what happens to their body. In the past, bodies have been put to rest many different ways. Cultures have a large effect on this. around cultures would burn the body or hang them up high so the spirits could be released. Nevertheless, I have only found three legal ways to characterize of a dead body in the United States today.     Burial is the traditional way to go. The majority of our population is put six feet under in an expensive casket, just so they can rot. Burying someone about seems rude because it allows the worms, bacteria, and other decomposers to eat away at the body. Besides that, cemeteries are taking up a large amount of land that could be used for something useful. Also, when having an open casket funeral, I believe that it brings more unhinge to the family. They then have to face the reality while staring at the gross cadaver. Sometimes families even get in large arguments oer what the person is going to wear when buried. I believe that we could all only stress, time, and money by finding better way to dispose of our bodies. I feel that there are better options.     Cremation has many advantages but is seldom used unless the person is badly hurt or has no family. Some people think that cremation is morbid and sick, but I believe that it makes well behaved sense. By cremating...

Strategic Plan Outline

UNIVERSITY OF BELIZE MGMT 490 BUSINESS STRATEGY AND constitution How to Structure The strategic end Guidelines Executive Summary This is written to the mountain range and level of content that an outsider can read the summary and cargo deck the vision, mission of the organization, its overall goals and objectives, major strategic issues and the key strategies implemented to find out the goals. incision 1 Current situation 1. Brief Background and write up of the Company and the Industry 2. strategic Posture Current Mission, Current mental imagery Current ValuesCurrent Objectives Current Strategies Current Policies 3. Past Strategic Performance Indicators (if available) Market share Sales Growth Net salary Margin Return on Equity Investment Other? (Depending on the type of business/industry) Section 2 outer Environment, Opportunities and Threats (EFAS) 2. 1 habitual Environment (PEST, Gap Analysis, etc) 2. 2 Task Environment (Porters five forces, Strategic Map) 2. 3 imma terial Factor Analysis Summary Section 3 Internal Environment, Strengths and Weaknesses (IFAS) 3. 1Value Chain analysis . 2Corporate Structure 3. 3Corporate Resources Marketing Finance tender-hearted Resource Operations and Logistics Information Systems 3. 4Internal Factor Analysis Summary Section 4 Competitive Strength Assessment based on mainstay Success Factors Quality/product performanceCustomer Service Capability Reputation/imageOther? Manufacturing power Technological skills and know-how Dealer/distribution capability New product design capability Financial resources Relative cost position Section 5 Analysis of Major Strategic Factors SFAS . 1 Key Internal and External Factors (SWOT) 5. 2 Competitive advantages/disadvantages, Competitive position improving/slipping 5. 2 Review of Mission and Objectives Section 6 Alternatives and Recommendations 1. Strategic Alternatives 2. Recommended Strategies Section 7 Implementation Plan for new strategies recommended Section 8 E valuation and watch Plan for new strategies implemented Section 9 Financial data and Analysis Includes information on resources to finance the implementation of the Strategic PlanAPPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY THE PRESENTATION OF THE PLAN Time Allowed 30 minutes Presentation should be as follows a) Brief History of Company (Section 1) b) Current Situation (Section -1) c) External Environment Opportunities and Threats (Section 2) d) Internal Environment Strengths and Weaknesses (Section 3 e) Analysis of major strategic factors, strategic alternatives and recommended strategies (including financial analysis) (Sections 5, 6 &038 9)- 15 minutes Question and dissolver Session

Chemalite, Inc (B)

hassle distinguish 2 Chemalite Case 1. Record the effects of Chemalites 1991 events on the BSE worksheet currency Flow type (O, I, F) Event Cash A/R 375,000 F P1 (7,500) I P2 P3 (62,500) I (75,000) O P4 230,000 Inventory evident Cap. Exp. PPE 125,000 7,500 62,500 125,000 7,500 62,500 Notes Pay give in Capital RE 500,000 RE rendering 75,000 75,000 500,000 isotropy Sheet O O O O O O I F T1 T2 T3 T4 T5. 1 T5. 2 T6 T7. 1 T7. 2 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 total 23,750) 685,000 69,500 (175,000) (22,500) (350,000) (80,000) (150,000) 50,000 (50,750) (23,750) R&038D Expense 754,500 revenue enhancement 175,000 (22,500) Adv. Expense 350,000 (80,000) Admin Expenses 150,000 50,000 (50,000) F (545,000) (25,000) (10,625) O (750) (545,000) (25,000) (10,625) 500,000 entertain Expense Inv. Adjustment Amort. Expense Depr. Expense 113,000 69,500 55,000 100,000 7,500 201,875 46,875 Balance Sheet 15. 515 lead 2003 Session 1 Problem Set 2 Chemalite Case 3. Balance Sheet (6/31/91)Assets Cash Accounts Rece ivable Inventories score Current Assets Property, Plant, &038 Equipment Other (Capitalized Start-up Expenses) Patent Total Assets Liabilities and painsholders Equity Common birth Retained earnings Total Liabilities and SE 230,000 75,000 305,000 62,500 7,500 125,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set 2 Chemalite Case 3. Income Statement (For 6 months June 30, 1991) Revenue Costs and Expenses Advertising Administration Manufacturing be Raw materials R Interest Depreciation Amortization of patent Net Income 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set 2 Chemalite Case 3. consider Statement of Cash Flows (6 months ended June 30, 1991) Cash provided (used) by operate activities Received from customers Paid for roll Paid for advertising Paid for manufacturing costs Paid for administration Paid for interest Paid for R expenses Cash provided (used) by investing activities Start-up expenses buy of PP (75,000) (75,000) (7,500) (62,500) (70,000) Cash provided (used) by financing activities Cash from stock issuance 75,000 375,000 append (decrease) in silver residue Beginning cash balance end point cash balance 230,000 230,000 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set 2 Chemalite Case 3. Balance Sheet ( declination 31, 1991) Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Inventories Total Current Assets Property, Plant, &038 Equipment Other (Capitalized Start-up Expenses) Patent Total Assets Liabilities and Stockholders Equity Common Stock Retained earnings Total Liabilities and SE 113,000 69,500 55,000 237,500 201,875 7,500 100,000 546,875 00,000 46,875 546,875 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set 2 Chemalite Case 3. Income Statement (Six months ended December 31, 1991) Revenue Costs and Expenses Advertising Administration Manufacturing costs Raw materials R&038D Interest Depreciation Amortization of patent 754,500 22,500 80,000 350,000 195,000 23,750 750 10,625 25,000 707,625 Net Income 46,875 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1 Problem Set 2 Chemalite Ca se 3. Direct Statement of Cash Flows (For 6 months ended Dec. 1, 1991) Cash provided (used) by operating activities Received from customers Paid for inventory Paid for advertising Paid for manufacturing costs Paid for administration Paid for interest Paid for R&038D expenses Cash provided (used) by investing activities Start-up expenses Purchase of PP&038E 685,000 (175,000) (22,500) (350,000) (80,000) (750) (23,750) 33,000 (150,000) (150,000) Cash provided (used) by financing activities Cash from stock issuance Increase (decrease) in cash balance Beginning cash balance Ending cash balance (117,000) 230,000 113,000 15. 515 Fall 2003 Session 1

Media studies †Life on Mars Essay

How does life on mars (2006) practice session optical codes, technical, strait and narrative codes to create a superstar of excitement and encourage the earshot to watch.In this first episode of Life on vitiate on that headland ar many varied codes and conventions used to make this series in a flash appealing to the hearing. The episode is excellently paced and smartly directed, getting us into 1973 within 10 minutes and introducing new characters effortlessly.Sequence 1 of life on mars gets the hearing instantly familiar with the genre, the episode begins with a law of nature political machine chasing down a suspicious which quickly shows us this is a hybrid police crime drama. The diegetic leads of police sirens and dogs along with the non diegetic music, a pulsing which is corresponding with surface-to-air missile the detective in the police car creating incredulity as we get a get hold for how surface-to-air missile is timber as the heartbeat signifies his ne rves also introducing the reference to protagonist Sam Tyler, these speech punishing frequency codes add up to create an exciting police chase which over again declarees the genre of Life on Mars.Once emerge of the car Sam is forced to chase his primary suspect down an attendant way in a council estate in the city grownup the audience a feel for the setting. The music isnt as outstanding while the chase is find oneselfing but speeds up during more melodramatic parts of the chase which creates suspense. Cinema-verte is used when filming the chase which makes the audience feel almost part of the chase, this entertaining filming technique and creative use of music makes Life on Mars exciting to the audience creating paradox and encouraging them to watch on. This chase get tos us up to Colin Raimes arrest obstetrical deli sincerely us to sequence 2.In sequence 2 Sams colleague and girlfriend, Maya, are interviewing suspect Colin Raimes. Sam and Maya facing Colin and his lawyers, which creates tension betwixt these two sets of people. During the interview there is a close up of Colin Raimes which engages the audience creating tension and increasing the viewers curiosity as to what this suspect has do and makes them wonder has he done it or not?The diegetic recording sound in the gageground shows the viewers the interview is macrocosm recorded and shows the viewers the seriousness of the situation, the room is dark with little light which creates a sea captain mood, the dark setting is a technique used to scare the suspect in to talk of the town, perfect for the situation. The narrative codes in this sequence reveal dish out about Colin Raimes as he gets upset by the images he is being shown, we learn Colin sees a psychiatrist and his lawyers talk about how kids would throw fireworks at him on his estate. This is evidence to show that Colin is vulnerable and is possibly mad, the audience may take pity on him or take a different view on the s uspect, this makes the viewers curious and increases their requirement to watch on. aft(prenominal) the interview in sequence 3, Maya isnt done with the suspect and decides to take note him on her own, only to be kidnapped. Once Maya is kidnapped Sam becomes sad and heads out flavour for her, there is a close up of Sams face and he is distressed with tears running from his eyes. This visual codes allow for make the audience feel sympathetic towards Sam and shows us perhaps he is aspect stronger than just friendship for Maya. Sams nerves eventually get the better of him when he has to stop the car to refresh himself, standing there half-heartedlyhe says into himself, The world is a scary place again this shows the audience he is thinking about Maya and wants to find her increasing their sympathy for him and overall devising the viewers want to continue to watch to see the conclusion. The different audio codes used express Sams feeling for Maya as the non diegetic music plays so ftly whilst he cries and thinks about her, this corresponds with the visual codes creating a sympathetic feel for the protagonist qualification the audience pity him. Sam is by luck struck by a speeding vehicle which brings me to sequence four.Sam is struck very unexpectedly and this may have came as a shock to the audience, the accident is very unexpected and this is done deliberately to shock the audience as this stage setting is key to the viewers as it is where the storyline unfolds as after this it is base in 1973, where Sam time travels back in time.The diegetic sounds used are very impacting, when the car strikings Sam, initially there is a loud sound to signify he has been hit, after this all that can be comprehend is silence which corresponds with how the audience will feel, as they will be blow out of the water at what has just happened. This creates enigma and increases the viewers curiosity to keep ceremonial and they are now introduced to how Life on Mars is goi ng to take place. (back in time) will Sam be okay? what will happen next? are few of the questions the audience will be intercommunicate making them exciting and encouraging them to keep watching.Once Sam is hit and the audience are witting of what happened there is a close up of him laying vulnerably on the ground, this close up shot shows his eyes, coarse open but yet not moving, with only police sirens and a heartbeat which is corresponding with Sams as he lays on the tarmac, creating tension and making the audience question if he is even alive. This close up because changes to a high shot as the tv camera slowly moves up, looking down on Sam which shows how empty the road is, no avocation just him. This suggests a change in time and expresses to the audience what has happened introducing them to 1973. These visual and technical codes all raise the audiences awareness causing them to ask questions and want to feel the conclusion.Sequence five is the most important as, Sam w akes up to find himself in 1973, complete with 1970s era clothing and an 8-track play Life on Mars in a car. Dazed and confused, Sam wanders back to the police precinct he works at, only to find it modify with cigarette-smoking, gum-chewing strangers hes never seen to begin with. The music is significant as before the crash David Bowies 1970s song Life on Mars was playing on Sams ipod in the car. This is strange as he has travelled back in time to when this song was just out and extremely popular.Sams feeling are conveyed in different ways, with voices in his head from when he was a boy repeating, where are you? as he wakes up in a forest, obviously not where he was before. Creating enigma for the audience and making them aware of the time change increasing their excitement and want to continue watching.When Sam stands up in 1973, with no clue as to where he is the camera is low angled and is circling him while Life on Mars plays which really creates a confusing atmosphere showi ng that Sam does not cognise what is going on. This technical camera work helps to express Sams feelings and shows the audience a broader understanding of whats going on.Everything has changed in Sams world, The set designs and costumes effectively prolong the era, as well as the grittiness of the run-down neighbourhood and police precinct. Everything feels swell out of the 70s, from the clothing to the cars to the horridly ugly decorating in Sams apartment.Throughout the episode, Sam hears hospital noises and doctor voices and at one point sees a person on late night TV talking like a doctor describing Sam being in a coma. Sam becomes increasingly convinced that he truly is in a coma, and that none of this world is real. he believes it is all part of his imagination. These are or so of the ways in which Sam portrays his feelings to the audience during this sequence. Which allows the audience to get to know Sam and begin to have a feel for his character encouraging them to conti nue to watch Life on Mars.Later Sam meets a young police officer named Annie Cartwright who he begins to open up to and express his opinion and at one point tells herI had an accident and when I woke up, I was here. Only here is 33 years in the past. Now, that any makes me a time-traveller, a lunatic, or Im lying in a hospital bed in 2006 and none of this is real.This quotation of what he says gives the audience insight into how he feels about the whole situation, this again allows the audience to engage with Sam and feel what he is going through, the audience will grow a certain like for Sam and this creates a sense of excitement and encourages the audience to continue to watch Life on Mars.

Analysis of Printed Advertisement

Analysis of Printed Advertisement In the printed advertisement by Maybelline New York, the piece increase publicize is object lensed towards women. The advertised product, known as The obliterater, is to reconcile facial blemishes and wrinkles. Throughout the ad, one fag find m any calculate words and estimates that grasp the ratifiers tutelage. These specific words, enunciates, and images bothow the reader to become conscious of their own flaws, in that respectfore, attracting them to this product. The important attention grabbing word throughout this ad is Eraser the word eraser shows up legion(predicate) amounts of propagation within this ad.The word eraser is paired with many other words, for example, Erase fine lines or Erase age spots. These words target the needs of take issueent individuals at once, although it may not even be beneficial to one, it still attracts the heaper in a soundly hard-hitting manner. The actual image itself plays a large role as we ll the main image is of an attractive young- whole toneing female. The female in this image has a beautiful complexion there ar no flaws on her facial expression whatsoever. This image is obviously put ond to manipulate the minds of the audience into thinking that this is what they bequeath look like after using this product.Another key phrase withal utilize within this ad is Instant Age Rewind. Alone, these words atomic number 18 pithless, moreover when placed together, it bunghole create a deeper meaning. The interpretation of this meaning can differ for each individual, but most women take that phrase and interpret it as a product that will make them look a lot younger INSTANTLY. When the fine print in this ad is read, which states, Visual is a dramatization of actual product results, one can sincerely yours realize that the ad is a hoax to manipulate individuals into acquire this product.Unfortunately, no one actually knows whether this advertisement is accurate bef ore the leveraging of the actual item. In the printed advertisement by LOreal Paris, the makeup product advertised is targeted towards women. The advertised product, known as Visible Lift, is to ensconce facial blemishes and flaws. Throughout the ad, one can find many target words and images that grasp the readers attention. These specific words, phrases, and images allow the reader to become conscious of their own flaws, therefore, attracting them to this product. The main attention-grabbing phrase throughout this ad is Anti-Aging the phrase nti-aging or any other term used to subsume to age repeats numerous amounts of times within this ad. In this ad, there is a large image of a flummox known as Andie MacDowell. Andies face in this image has no age spots, wrinkles, or any flaws on her face. This image is once again, the ideal image most women desire, a face with no flaws or blemishes. The strategies the creators of this ad use is very manipulative, besides images, the ad also take overs 5 Proven Benefits this truly is the pinnacle of the ad which allows the viewer to believe that this product is the ultimate product.Although no one really has guaranteed that this product will definitely defecate, it still instills the image in ones mind that this product will work miracles. Without any consideration or thought, one can easily prepare that this product was made for them, correcting all of their facial problems. Which one cannot forget, this is all in 1 Luminous Makeup. The parameters within this article do not really extend very far in trickery, but to a greater extent utilisation of the mind. This ad makes itself look much more idealistic than what it really is.The celebrity endorsement also adds a little more to the manipulation by allowing one to think, If a celebrity says its good, then it must be good. This ad is well crafted to fool the audience into thinking this makeup product is suitable for the targeted audience, consisting of mostly mid-aged females. Within the two printed newspaper advertisements, some(prenominal) of the makeup product ads used wording and images to sell their products to the consumer minds. Although both of the advertisements used images and wording to attract customers, the strategies used within the wording and imaging drastically differs from one another.In the first advertisement from the Maybelline Company, the image and the words style differ form that of the LOreal Company. In the Maybelline ad, the word eraser is repeated many times on various parts of the ad. Whereas, on the LOreal ad, there are no repeating words or phrases. Both ads do contain an image of a woman with no facial blemishes or flaws, but the Maybelline image casts a woman whom looks much younger than the image of the LOreal ad. The Maybelline ad also strategically placed the words Erase on the parts of the face that wrinkle, have crows feet, and age spots.Directing the attention of the audience to those targeted areas. Lastl y, the LOreal ad has a celebrity endorsement where model Andie MacDowell claims that this product Take Years Off. Whereas, in the Maybelline ad there id a disclaimer on the bottom stating that the actual results may set off from the ones on the photo of the visual. Overall, both ads use similar and varying techniques to lend to the audience that the product they are selling is worthwhile.Both ads to contain trickery, but the LOreal ad seems to have more trickery for not having any disclaimers in the fine print. The Maybelline ad has a better attention-grabbing style, when asked by random individuals, all of the individuals thought that the Maybelline product would be better for them. The marketing behind the Maybelline Eraser encompasses a much stronger attraction than LOreals visible lift. unveil that portrayal has a large impact on the way individuals view a certain product.

General systems and operations design Essay

The human-system design should be least(prenominal) complicated and easy to operate and maintain. Less complications and instalal requirements would mean negligible discipline requirements and workload for the people and thus, less error potential. Hardw ar trading trading operations and computer procedures should alike be standardized so that convertible operations would require similar hardware and similar applications would only require similar uses and procedures. Operations should only be standardized and implemented to minimize the come up of required tools as well as human errors from improper training and minimum skill.Also, the minimization of maintenance requirements and the standardization of procedures and operations should be do so that any person involved in the exploration would at least have an idea on the operations which is especially needed in cases of accidents when a company in space becomes incapable of operation (Man-Systems desegregation Standard s, 2006). Changes in Anthropometry As people travels farther from Earth, there is the brea topic out of gravitative pull.This leaving, together with the changes in environment exert great make both in the anthropometry and biology of creation and thus requires extensive precondition especially in designing workstations. In particular, the human ashes coat and posture, the surface area, the proceeding and volume as well as the mint considerably change with the absence of gravity (Vogel, 1976 Man-Systems desegregation Standards, 2006). The height of a person by and large increases for both short and long-term missions (Sinha, 2002 Vogel, 1976). This is caused by binding spaceening which can vary from 0.5 inch to about 3% of the service line height prior to the mission.The fluid shifts caused by gravity cause changes in the chest, waist and limb-circumferences, normally a decrease (Man-Systems consolidation Standards, 2006). Because weight is a function of gravitation al force, the weight of a person decreases from 3-4%, most of which because of water, and hurt of lean embody mass as well as fat. metabolous changes that perish gain throughout the mission also cause further weight loss while the center of the weight becomes the head (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006).Pre-operation anthropometry does have an put up on how much increase or decrease will happen with the decrease in gravitational pull. This means that in general, sex and race could also have an effect on the tot of changes that would happen as a result of the decrease in gravity. great deal from the West are commonly taller compared to their Eastern, Asian counterparts. In addition, males are generally taller compared to the females of the same race (Man-Systems Integration Standards, n. d. ). The anthropometric data are usually used in the design of equipment.The equipment to be used moldiness be able to fit to any user regardless of size. This is done by designing a one-size-fits-all principle, to curb all possible users. This is especially relevant to the design of chairs and the dimensions of the window. Equipment sizes can also be tailored to fit a specific user so long as he or she would be the only user. Objects that must be get hold ofed such(prenominal) as buttons and switches must be adjusted based on the come home of the shortest person. In addition, the feature that the spine lengthens while in space would affect the placement of approachable objects.Because the spine lengthens, there would be an increased or easier overhead reach while the downward reach becomes more difficult because of decreased service by gravity (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006). The anthropometric data can also be used in the design of clothing. Since height increases generally happen as a result of the increase in spin length while in space, the designers must tailor the space suits to accommodate such changes (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006).In addition to gravity, the literal tasks that must be performed in space are considered in the design of equipment. To exemplify, if the task involves great precision, move operation and the use of two hands, the task should be as shoemakers last as possible to the operator. For tasks that require the use of special suits, design reach dimensions are generally reduced (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006). Changes in Work susceptibility and Biology The lack of gravity also forces design changes particularly in objects that require pushing, and pulling.Because there is lack in gravity, human force is basically reduced. Diminished musculoskeletal strength and reduced cardiac capacity are effects of lack of gravity and can affect work practise and capacity (Miller, n. d. ). It follows then that in functions that require force such as pushing and pulling, there should be mechanical assistance in the forms of body restraint systems that could substitute for gravity. The se restraint systems must be developed chthonic neutral buoyancy conditions on Earth or in actual conditions of the space.Handhold, waist and foot restraints can be used for holding onto a handgrip to accommodate functional reaches waist restraint for good body control and foot restraint if the need is excellent reach carrying into action, perceptual constancy and control (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006). Gravity could also have a operative effect on a persons biology. Particularly, the reduced gravitational force could induce spatial disorientation and space adaptation syndrome or space illness (Ercoline, 1994). Such are not considered positive effects because they cause impairment of performance.Spatial disorientation refers to changes in posture, vertigo and illusions of movement that could result to tumbling (Brown, 2000). Critical activities are not advised to humans on mission when they are spatially disoriented. In the first age in space when humans experience space adaptation syndrome, humans tend to limit head motions. The effect is increased task time. What is usually done at this point is having limited activities that require speed (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006).As implied earlier, gravity also has effects on the human tendinous and circulatory system. The effects of diminished gravity on humans exercise capacity as a result of reduced cardiac practise (Davis, 1999 Bungo, 1983) and muscular strength (Patton, 1987) necessitates countermeasures such as diet plans and exercise plans (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006). One thing that must be considered by the space manufacture is the adjustment of the human circadian rhythm and the effects of such adjustments in human performance (Gander, 1989).As it is, the goal of human factors research is to effect easier conditions in the space so that better and more successful performance is expected. Failure to do so would mean a loss in life and loss in significant investment s (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006). Another thing that humans involved in space missions experience is great quickening and vibration. Acceleration affects the vision depending on how its force is directed. The usual results are dimming of vision, loss of vision at a certain side, usually the periphery, and diminished, blurred or doubled vision.This restriction in vision could induce motion sickness which could affect performance (Stern, 1990). Vibration also has a degrading effect on the performance. It is usually during the lift-off and landing when vibration is greatest. Unfortunately, there are many a(prenominal) times when vision is very important. Because of this, letters on equipment and signs are usually written in large format so as to accommodate any blurring or degrading effect of vibration on the persons vision (Man-Systems Integration Standards, 2006).

Liverpool one shopping development Essay

Liverpools CBD undeniable regeneration for a variety of reasons. During WW2, it was bombed heavily, due to it being a study port for resources from the USA. During the 1960s, it was rebuilt too quickly and then fell into disrepair before 2000, when the institution and infrastructure was outdated. Many parts of the city, especially the CBD suffered from urban dec source, with its population drop by 50% and 45% of its industry likewise leaving. In addition, Liverpool face up competition for shopping by nearby Manchester and Chester, as well as out-of-town shopping centres like the Trafford Centre. therefore, Liverpools CBD needed regeneration to be more attractive to consumers, and regain its spot in the top 5 shopping destinations in the UK. Liverpool i, the project to rejuvenate Liverpools CBD was completed in 2008. It was opened in phases on 29 May and 1 October 2008, with the terminal residential lots opening in early 2009. In the aforementioned(prenominal) year, Liverpool was named as the European Capital of Culture. Its total cost is approximately ? 1billion, with 42 acres of Liverpool city centre being redeveloped. It embroils 3000 parking spaces, 169 stores or services, as well as a 5 acre park, and 500 new apartments.It in like manner contains a 14-screen cinema and a 36-hole adventure golf centre. Shops present include Debenhams, John Lewis, Ted Baker, Waterstones, Starbucks, Topshop and Caffe Nero. These are all mainly comparison, high-order goods which are chain stores. The empyrean is indoor, yet also mainly open-air. It is of a modern design, and is two storeys tall. There are many cafes and food areas, with many benches. There are also electronic maps and information panels across the centre. The pedestrian areas are wide and escalators are available to proceed to the higher floors.There have also been other(a) improvements in the CBD, such as the rejuvenation of the red sorrels and the introduction of the Merseytram tram line in the CBD. As well as this, many roads and little streets in Liverpool have been rejuvenated and rebuilt as part of the redevelopments. Areas such as Princes Dock and the Kings Waterfront have seen heavy redevelopments. These have been to attract more tourists and shoppers to the CBD. The project has overall been successful as of yet, with 83% of consumers thinking that the city centre has improved.91% of people said they were likely to return to Liverpool, and enjoyed the experience. And now, 40% of the shops in Liverpool integrity are new to the city, showing the popularity of the area. The previously redeveloped Albert Dock has been receiving an extra hundred thousand visitors per week, with Liverpool One itself receiving over 120000 visitors in the first day, and 13 million in the first year. It is safe the say the rejuvenation of Liverpools CBD has been a success, and that Liverpool One has played a big part in reversing the effect of urban decline.

Computerized Payroll System for GTZ Printing Press Essay

I am find no words at my command to tell our deepest sense of gratitude to the almighty GOD, the most Gracious, the most Merciful and the most Beneficent, who gives us the talent to complete this task winningly. He is the one who gave us the courageousness to do this. I am atomic number 18 much obliged to our pricy parents whose prayers have enabled us to reach this stage. At this occasion we cant forget our parents for their guidance at the crucial moments of our life. I am are very thankful to Marmolejo Naryvic T. whose guidance is always with us. Who always encouraged us and his guidance us to complete this project. We are greatly thankful to our advisor Ms. Cecilia Abaricia who helped us in proposal writing and gave us a assign of helping material and suggestion. Her specific comments, corrections, critiques and criticisms were the most helpful.Acknowledgement The seeker would comparable to acknowledge the following persons in making this research work successful Almighty God, for the gift of wisdom and strength in creating this kind of research work Ms. Cecilia Abaricia thesis adviser, for her time, patience, and effort in sharing her knowledge in correcting this research work Naryvic T. Marmolejo for his instructions and tips in the development of the system that was developed by the researchers. Mr. Alex Hipolito, Finance Officer, for sharing his expertise in payroll procedures of their guild And above all to the Great Almighty God who give us strength, courage presence of mind, guidance and inspiration to finish my study.

Morality of a Fetus

Is It All About the Morality of the foetus? Today in the United States as well as exclusively around our world, wizard of the most contested and debated issues, that every unitary has rough sort of effect on is the candid of spontaneous abortion. There be umpteen different thoughts, ideals, and opinions on whether or not abortion is right, wrong, or even examplely reasonable to do. There ar clinics and hospitals that perform the procedures and at many of these locations there are groups who volition hold protests against the operation as well as those who sponsor it.But tout ensemble of those issues are not what this essay is leaving to be about, this is going to inform you about whether or not all arguments about the subject abortion mystify ware to the question of what is the honourable side of the fetus. To beginning(a) examine whether or not all arguments come down to the moral status of a fetus, we must first know what the definition of moral status is. The a rgument of the moral status of a fetus involves whether or not the fetus has the same standing or has the same reasoned status as a born and living human being.The moral status of any human can be legally develop and justified but does a fetus carry this same status with it? In this essay I want to show that not all arguments about abortion come down to the moral status of a fetus, although it can be one on the forefront, it is not the bottom origination and where all arguments can come down to. One of the most fertile examples of arguments about abortion is the Roe vs. walk lawsuit in the estate of Texas.Prior to this court suit, it was illegal, in most states, for a woman to receive an abortion during the first trimester of a pregnancy. The Roe v. Wade decision held that a woman, with her doctor, could claim abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without legal restrictions, and with legal restrictions in later months, based on the right to privacy (Lewis, J). Ultimately it was decided that most laws against abortion violated a constitutional right to privacy, and it broken all state laws outlawing or unduly restricting abortion.To this day it is one of the most controversial decisions in US Supreme Court archives (answers. com). Was the moral status of the fetus brought into question during this example, I am legitimate it was but, it was not what the argument was about, the issue was the privacy of the mother. Another example that comes to judgement is a story told within a discussion in our class, one of our classmates tells a story about a young lady who was pillaged in her teens. This teen wanted to have an bortion however the perpetrator or rapist in this case was found guilty and forced by the court that he would have to pay support for the baby at one time it was born. This caused the courts to also decide on whether or not once the exclusive was released from prison, would he have visitation rights to the child. The courts answer was yes and the mother carrying the fetus was not legally allowed to abort the pregnancy because the father would not agree, he had a right to the fetus he had fathered.Although there may have been some arguments about the moral status of the fetus contained within the courts decision, I would have to think that the fathers rights came more into playact as opposed to the mothers and in this case I certainly disagree to this decision. Whether a person chooses to abort a pregnancy, it should be up to that person alone. It is there burden to live with for the remaining eld of their lives, not ours. If a woman is raped, should they have to live with carrying that fetus to terminal and have to decide whether to raise the child with love or to develop that child to adoption?I believe that the first argument is what the abortion would do to the mothers well being, is it for medical reasons that the abortion is needed? There are many different arguments for or against abortion and I do not think the moral status should come into question or come down to the moral status if there are other subjects to discern first. As one can imagine there are many different arguments for or opposed to abortion, not all come down to the moral status of the fetus.It is going to be a subject of testing and arguments for many years to come. Issues with its legality as well as its piety will be raised for years, and it is my hope that the final decision will stay with the woman who is pregnant and she does what is best for her. Works Cited Lewis, J. J. Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision. Web. 18 Jan. 2013. Retrieved from http//womenshistory. about. com/od/abortionuslegal/p/roe_v_wade. htm http//www. answers. com/topic/moral-statusixzz2IM8JfrRr

Christian realism Essay

This meant that human struggles do not accomplish perceive righteousness. They atomic number 18 not holy. They belong to the real world of politics with every last(predicate) its tensions, paradoxes and contradictions He called his position Christian realism. There can be some reconciliation between the church and state if the slew are spiritually prepared. The more(prenominal) spiritual masses, the more they are able to see their own affairs and the less they need the heavy hand of organisation to keep them in line.The prudes prepared the field of study soul of their country for indecorum and democracy as their congregations, beginning with the work of Robert Browne and Robert Harrison, spread this evangel throughout England and later in America. They planted churches that advocated the autonomy or intimacy of each congregation from outside interference and the right of the people to select or depose their own ministers and members. Each of these congregations was forg ed together by the consent or covenant (foedus) of its members and so became the catalyst behind the lead toward federal government in the modern world.By the time of the Puritan Revolution of 1640 60, the Levellers, who grew up with these congregations, became the nearly strident advocates of congregational principles on the national scene. They spurned the Machiavellian world of depraved government. Their most eloquent spokesman, William Walwyn, rejected the pessimism and resignations of Machiavellis policy in the hope of creating Christian view of government, where the bash of Christ would guide all private and public undertakings with its tolerance and impartiality.The prospects for tranquility in Iraq and the Middle East has much to do with the type of people with whom we are dealing. H. Richard Niebuhr felt that it was most essential to ask the question, whats leaving on? in particular situation before formulating coherent response. This war too, Washington advises u s publicly and in advance, is war of global proportions. It is an open-ended war with the world as its battlefield. The antagonist assumes twain general forms. adept part is visible, above ground, re leaveed by evil governments and reminiscent of the doddery Soviet bloc.So far only four of the enemy governments in the new war have been identifiedthe former governments in Afghanistan and Iraq, and two remain axis of evil governments in Iran and North Korea. The other enemy component is invisible, consisting, we are told, of cells in some 50 or 60 mostly unnamed countries. These are not the cells of the communist party, but the undercover organizations of what Washington chooses to call terrorists Whatever its form, whether bearing the legitimacy of government or existing underground, the enemy must be destroyed.To do this, we must some propagation act alone, unilaterally. Other times we can act with our allies. (Frederick 2004 191) An ethical perspicacity serves as second sta ge, addressing and reacting to specific set of circumstances. of course, discussion of this type could seek endless in relative universe, where every element of situation is the mathematical product of the complex interactions of all things, But discussion must limit itself to what is more proximate to the situation at hand and stands neglected or misconceive in the public forum.Among these elements the matter of faith seems to qualify in the present circumstance. It is most essential to the people of the Middle East and misunderstood by our secular government, which fails to understand the potency of its ideas. This failure is product of recent times with its emphasis upon church/state separation but does not even out the verdict of scholars throughout the ages. In former days the role of religion was more appreciated for the part it played in ruling and accord people.Tocqueville said that religious customs of people are more all-important(a) than the physical circum stances or governmental structures surrounding them. Montesquieu believed that the one who conquered people must bow before the conquered in ruling the land, if one wished to defend some semblance of order. The religions and customs of people were considered most essential in forging sound policy.The prospects of peace were related to the fundamental Geist of those who must do to outside forces. No policy could expect to find success without considering this most essential ingredient. (Paul 2001 38-77).

Inter Textual Synthesis Essay Essay

Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, centers around the theme of discovering oneself. The book shows readers the world of Edna Pontellier and gives them a window into her numerous insecurities and hesitations. Throughout the book, Edna attempts to become the opposite of the stereotypical women of her time. She chooses to be herself instead of the socially acceptable role she is expected to be. Additionally, Natasha Tretheways verse form domesticated workplace and Bobby Coles song Finding Yourself attack the issues of independence, relationships, and gender.These two poems in combination with The Awakening strive to challenge the status quo of women everywhere. In the nineteenth century, women were expected to be domestic goddesses. As a married charr, it was great to be a positive influence on her husband and children, hardly was as yet expected to address to her husband as the head of the household. These restrictions had umpteen women, including Edna in The Awakening, feelin g trapped. Some women felt the need to become their knowledge person, as opposed to the charr they were expected to become.In the poem, Domestic Work, the reader is given a preview of a typical woman in the 1930s She beats time on the rugs, blows dust from the sweep up like dandelion spores, apiece one a wish for something better. (Trethewey 23-26). The poem displays the monotonous life of women in the 19th century, and how some women desired something more. Edna, from The Awakening, is include in the category of women who longed for a life beyond household chores. In both The Awakening and Domestic Work, independence and a womans relationships are subjects of choice. Edna feels that she should be able to be free and independent.She wants to instal her own choices about men and decide on her own who she reveres without anyone elses opinion influencing her choice. When Edna starts to lose the feelings she once had for her husband, she falls for Robert Lebrun. In fact, Edna had no tendency to marry Leonce to begin with Her brotherhood to Leonce Pontellier was purely an accident, in this respect resembling many a(prenominal) other marriages which masquerade as the decrees of Fate (Chopin 23). Edna desires to have freedom.Robert wants a marriage with Edna, which conflicts with what she wants. Her feelings for Robert are strong but Robert has mature feelings for Edna, eyond what she feels for him. Though Edna wishes she could say the same, her love for him is more an infatuation-not line up love. As Edna walked along the street she was thinking of Robert. She was still under the spell of her infatuation. She had tried to forget him, realizing the inutility of remembering. But the archetype of him was like an obsession (Chopin 71). In the end, Edna realizes she cannot have both independence and true love. She decides to keep Robert out of her life and ends up drowning herself because of the internal conflict she has endured.In the poem Finding Yourself, author Bobby Coles explains that a person has to reach deep down himself/herself in order to discover who he/she is. Similarly, Edna and the woman in Domestic Work are enduring their own journey. In Coles poem, he measuredly writes without specificity of gender, in that locationfore making the poem easily relatable to readers of any gender. Coles uses descriptive row to create an image of what it is like to go through the process of purpose yourself like Edna and the woman in Domestic Work did. When are you nearly comfortable?Are you being true to yourself? You are in there somewhere. Judge on your own. Listen not to others. Look in the mirror. acquire beyond the image (Coles 35-41). Coles encourages readers to not be influenced by the opinions of others, and instead, judge for themselves. In each text, the idea of taking your life in your own custody is present. Each of the poems and The Awakening displays themes of gender, relationships and independence. These themes help shape the stories and give the reader a greater understanding of the messages, as well as make connections to each of the characters.

Due Process vs Crime Control Essay

AbstractAlthough offensive activity tick and ascribable mould have some similarities, on that point are more contrasts between the two. abhorrence curb emphasizes crime prevention, whereas collectable forge emphasizes the justification of citizens rights from mistakes made by criminal evaluator agencies. The ethical dimensions of rouge issues confronting the criminal justice system and private aegis concerning to due appendage and crime book are citizens rights, proper legal representation, as well as physical force, when to use deadly force, and deceptions. The private security sedulousness also faces key ethical issues regarding the lack of training, in improver to violations of rules and regulations. collectible Process or Crime ControlThe ethical intent of key issues confronting the criminal justice system and private security regarding due process and crime control are many, such as non knowing what the right course of action is, difficulty doing what is cons idered right, or barely finding the wrong choice to be very tempting. Due process is a citizens right to proper legal representation, procedures, and justice of individuals, which decreases the power of government. The main(prenominal) goal of due process is to protect individuals from mistakes made by honor go throughment agents and public prosecutors.In contrast, crime control increases the power of the government in pasture to protect society, which diminishes an individual citizens rights (USLegal, Inc., 2001-2008). The main goal of crime control is crime suppression, which includes key issues of physical force, when to use deadly force, undercover work, deceptions, as well as many others in the criminal justice system. In the private security field, the key issues include the lack of training and violations of rules and regulations of the industry (Gould, 2008).Due ProcessAccording to Packers due process model, which consists of the following points of view, emphasizes th e contrasts with the crime control model (Cliffnotes.com). 1. The most important contribution of criminal justice should be to provide due process or fundamental justness under the law. 2. vicious justice should concentrate on defendants rights, not victims rights, because the Bill of Rights expressly provides for the protection of defendants rights. 3. patrol powers should be control to prevent official oppression of the individual. 4. Constitutional rights are not virtuous technicalities criminal justice authorities should be held accountable to rules, procedures, and guidelines to ensure fairness and consistency in the justice process. 5. The criminal justice process should anticipate like an obstacle course, consisting of a series of impediments that take the form of adjectival safeguards that serve as much to protect the factually innocent as to convict the factually guilty. 6. The government should not hold a person guilty solely on the basis of the facts a person sho uld be found guilty only if the government follows legal procedures in its fact-finding.Crime ControlThe following contentions are the key concerns of the crime control, which points out the differences of due process. (Cliffnotes.com). 1. The repression of crime should be the most important function of criminal justice because order is a necessary condition for a free society. 2. Criminal justice should concentrate on vindicating victims rights rather than on protecting defendants rights. 3. Police powers should be expanded to make it easier to investigate, arrest, search, seize, and convict. 4. Legal technicalities that handcuff the police should be eliminated. 5. The criminal justice process should operate like an assembly-line conveyor belt, sorrowful cases swiftly along toward their disposition. 6. If the police make an arrest and a prosecutor files criminal charges, the accused should be presumed guilty because the fact-finding of police and prosecutors is passing reliable. 7. The main objective of the criminal justice process should be to walk out the truth or to establish the factual guilt of the accused.Similarities between Due Process and Crime ControlAlthough the differences are many and well emphasized, there are a few similarities between due process and crime control. Both uphold laws and regulations that have been established throughout the many geezerhood of this country. The similarities are1.Accept constitutional values2.Hold to ex post facto prohibition3.Duty to enforce laws where violations have occurredConclusionDue process and crime control get to serve similar objectives, which are to reduce crime and protect the citizens of the unify States. The ethical key issues that plague the due process and crime control models vary among the two, in how to mint candy with the many issues and the best way to deal with the issues are conflicting. The differences between the two on how to reach these objectives are many, up to now the few sim ilarities assist in keeping both processes abide by the laws established by the government of the United States.ReferencesUSLegal, Inc. (2001-2008). US Legal Definitions. Retrieved on January 5, 2010 from http//definitions.uslegal.com/c/crime-control-model/ Gould, M. (2008). bank line, Ethics & Society, (p. 1). Great Neck Publishing. Retrieved January 4, 2010, from Research Starters Business database. CliffsNotes.com. (n.d.). Which Model? Crime Control or Due Process. Retrieved on January 4, 2010, from http//www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9911.html

Why Kedarnath Happened

A scientific analysis of the reasons for the disaster that afflicted Uttarakhand, particularly the synagogue townsfolk. THE primary trigger for the Uttarakhand disaster sideline the really arduous rain during June 16-18 was the extremely unusual behaviour of the monsoon this year everywhere north India. The incessant, heavy rainfall everywhere three age, perhaps attended by a few cloudburst-type events (which cannot be confirmed), resulted in flash floods and associated landslides.The end all round in their wake has been huge tho the volumedst impaction has been at the synagogue town of Kedarnath, which was in the midst of the annual travel season, with tens of thousands of people thronging the town and the downstream piece on the Mandakini river . 1). Rainfall measurements for June 16 and 17 at the Dehradun station, of 220 millimetres and 370 mm respectively, indicate the severity of the rain during these long time in the region. Haridwar certain 107 mm and 218 mm of rainfall on the twain twenty-four hour periods. Uttarkashi received 122 mm and 207 mm.While Mukteshwar (altitude over 2,000 metres) received 237 mm and 183 mm respectively on June 17 and 18, Nainital on the same(p)(p) days received 176 mm and 170 mm. Though rainfall over a 24-hour end in different parts of Uttarakhand has grandly exceeded these figures in the past (on many another(prenominal) occasions preceding(prenominal) 450-500 mm and once even 900 mm at Rajpur near Dehradun), prolonged heavy rainfall for nearly three days over a large area is perhaps unprecedented, and the cumulative effect, intensify by geophysical, meteorological and environmental factors, may be the reason for the enormity of the disaster.More pertinently, these numbers do not give the actual duodecimal picture of the very heavy rainfall in the higher reaches of the Himalayas (supra 3,000 m) in Uttarakhand, where Kedarnath, Gangotri and Badrinath are regain and where the impact has been most severe. This is because the rain gauge send of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) are all located largely in the lower Himalayan reaches (below 2,000 m) and at that place are no stations in the higher reaches (above three hundred0 m). This is probably because bumpfall data is regarded as more most-valuable than detai conduct rainfall data in these regions.As a result, there is no proper estimate of the rainfall in the affected regions. unhoped-for advance What was peculiar ab knocked out(a)(p) the monsoon this year? On June 14, the monsoon front was located over eastern United Statesern India. In fact it was a trifle muddy compared with the principle progress of the front (Map 1a). But within a day (Map 1b), the front advanced sound crossways Uttar Pradesh and the western regions to cover the total untaught by June 15, exactly a month ahead of its normal date of July 15.While the IMD had forecast a rapid advance with the announcement that the monsoon would r ead Delhi primarily the normal scheduled date of June 30, its advance right across to the west just within a day was all told unexpected. This has never happened in the past, according to M. Rajeevan, Adviser in the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). A scheme of west winds from the Arabian Sea had also been active during the same period and had covered Pakistan.It was a strong westerly brass, and Rajeevan noted that it was interchangeable to the system that stayed anchored over Pakistan in July 2010 and caused widespread flooding in Sindh, Punjab and Baluchistan. Of course, by July 2010 the south-west monsoon had covered entire India, but this time around the system had create in June itself. It was the interaction amidst the advantageously-formed low-pressure system of the south-west monsoon from east to west and the upper air westerly stadium running from north-west Rajasthan to the east that resulted in the heavy rainfall over Uttarakhand.In fact, the westerly system dragged the monsoon trough, which was anchored over Rajasthan and central India until then, towards the north across Haryana. A monsoon trough facilitates the sweat of rainfall- do low-pressure systems along its path. Its rapid movement northwards enabled the low-pressure system that was in the eastern part of the country to quickly traverse and locate itself over north-west India. harmonize to Rajeevan, while the phenomenon of the monsoon trough being dragged northwards by the advancing strong westerly trough is known to occur, the exact dynamics of interaction between the deuce systems is not well studied.Thus, as the press release of June 20 of the IMD noted, nor-west India became the zone of an unusual confluence of the dickens startes of the monsoonthe Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The geology and orography of the Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh resulted in the unprecedented impact in these two States. While the IMD had issued warni ngs of widespread severe rainfall in the region soon after the observation of the advancing monsoon systems, the scale of impact could not be anticipated.Geophysical dynamics The peculiarity of the monsoon apart, the other interesting motion is what geophysical dynamics channelled the major part of devastation along the Kedarnath vale and downstream of Kedarnath on the Mandakini. The region around Kedarnath is known to geologists to be devoted to landslides. This is also clear from an early 1882 Geological Survey of India photograph of Kedarnath (Picture 2), which shows that the temple site is located not far away from the snouts of two portion glaciers.David Petley, an expert on landslides at the Department of Geography at shorthorn University, United Kingdom, has analysed the calamitous event at Kedarnath on the basis of paintings from the remote-sensing airs of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the U. S. Landsat. He points out that the amount of detritus and rubble below the glacier on the left side of the 1882 picture suggests that loony withalns of sediment and junk from the upper reaches was active even then, and adds that the immerse incline that is visible would have aided rapid transportation.It should be borne in thinker that the geology is still roughly the same (Picture 3). It is evident from the post-event images of Kedarnath town around the temple that the commodious destruction was the result of largescale rubble carried by the huge spate of water from the upper reaches above the town. One of the compounding factors was that the wintry regions above Kedarnath had received fresh and excess light speedfall when heavy rainfall scoot the region (Pictures 4a & b), according to scientists of the National Remote Sensing midriff (NRSC) of ISRO.Rainwater, with higher temperature, falling on the snow must have led to heavy snow melt and this runoff would have added to the rainwater runoff, resulting in a huge water ex ecute that carried with it a huge detritus execute, which struck the town with enormous ferocity. The snow cover has, in fact, increase in general subsequent to the extreme rainfall and flooding events (the satellite image on May 28/June 1 shows less snow cover). jibe to the NRSC scientists, the detailed dynamics of water pass due to snow melt caused by rain, particularly when snowfall is in excess, and the hydrology of it are not well understood.The NRSC recently released excellent high-resolution pre-flood and post-flood images of the Kedarnath region (Pictures 5a & 5b) taken by ISROs remote-sensing satellites Cartosat-2A and Resourcesat-2. The NRSC, on the basis of remote-sensing images from Resourcesat-2, has carried out an inventory of the landslides that occurred between Kedarnath and Sonprayag, a distance of approximately 20 km on the Mandakini. According to the preliminary report, the study identified a total of 192 landslides in this Himalayan stretch (Picture 6). Ma ny landslides were triggered in the glacial regions in the mountains above Kedarnath.The large dust works from above were the result of these immense landslides. Double whammy Actually, for Kedarnath it was a double whammy. The extensive misuse caused to Kedarnath town can be seen distinctly in the post-flood image. Just as there was an unusual confluence of two monsoon streams up in the atmosphere, in the mountainous terrain around Kedarnath, too, there was a coincidental reinforcing of two massive debris flows from above, one from the north-western side of the Kedarnath temple and the other from the north-eastern side.Petley has analysed these images to arrive at a plausible scenario as to what caused the massive onslaught on the town, virtually flattening it. This flow cascaded further and caused heavy damage downstream as well. The NRSC scientists, too, in their analysis, have come roughly to the same general conclusion. According to Petley, the two different but reinforc ing events that caused the disaster were landslide-induced debris that came from the glaciated area in the north-east and a glacial-related flow that originated from the north-west glacier. From the images, one can distinctly identify the two flows.Petley, from his analysis of the images, the-cause -of-the-debris-flow-disaster-is-now -clear/), has inferred the following 1. The flow from the north-east came down the margin of the glacier and spread out to strike the town. 2. The north-west flow descended from the other glacier to meet the town. 3. While a large part of the flow from the north-west passed the town on its west side, a part also struck it directly. On the basis of the pattern of compensate of sediments and their nature, Petley concludes that the flow from the north-west occurred after the one from the north-east.According to him, the debris flow from the north-east was triggered by a large, 75 m wide, landslide caused by heavy rainfall high on the mountains, which the n came down the steep slope about 500 m, gathering the debris in its path. The flow was initially channelled into a narrow gully formed by the glacier and on exiting it the flow spread out in the floodplains before striking the town over a large area. The steepness of the slope would have given the debris enormous velocity when it struck the town. The total length traversed by this debris flow is estimated to be about 1,200 m.The event from the north-west was, however, quite different, points out Petley. The sleep with marked 1 in Picture 7 is a moraine, which had created a block for a basin to form, go awaying the water to build up in it as a pool or a lake. This is what the topical anesthetic people call the Chorabari Tal, to which, in fact, pilgrims trek a few kilometres along the west side of the valley to have a dip. The Chorabari glacier has been retreating constantly in modern times, and according to D. P. Dobhal of the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, it has retreate d about 300 m since 1960. The effect of the retreat is to leave a moraine that can allow lakes to form, which can then collapse, pointed out Petley in an e-mail message to Frontline. In Kedarnath, this is exactly what happened. I am not sure when the lake basin formedit may not have been in modern timesbut this is a dangerous situation. Of equal concern is the trend towards more vivid rainfall, especially if this occurs early in the year (that is, during snowmelt), Petley added. Wall of water eyewitness accounts say a huge wall of water swept the Kedarnath town in a flash.The spot marked 2 shows that the moraine had been hurted by the promptly building up water because of heavy rainfall and the water overtopping the moraine wall. The breach led to the sudden release of the impounded water and resulted in a massive wall of water sweeping across the Kedarnath valley and the town and causing a huge flash flood. According to the NRSC scientists, this lake would have had a attainment of about 15 m, and the event was not exactly a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which occurs when a dam or moraine wall is breached because of the curl pressure exerted by the stagnant glacial water and ice that it encloses.This was a case of lake flooding because of excessive rainfall and consequent overtopping of the moraine wall, which eventually breached. The flow was so huge and forceful that it overtopped the moraine on the other side of the glacier as well, at the spot marked 3, resulting in three flows one lamentable south-east to join the earlier debris flow from the north-east and enhancing it before turning southwards and striking the town. The third flow is a saucily channel that opened up, perhaps exploiting an existing old channel, because of the breach at spot 3. Heading down the slope towards the town at great velocity, it gathered sediment and debris en route and resulted in a muchwidened flow closer to Kedarnath. However, the bulk of the debris flow, as Pictu re 7 shows, moved southwards towards the town down the main channel on the south western side, which is the normal channel for glacial water flow. The spot marked 4 shows heavy erosion due to the flow in the area, suggesting that the flow must have carried a huge volume of water. According to Petley, this flow must have carried the many huge boulders and rocks seen in the post-flood image of the temple town.Closer to the town, the flow spread before striking. As a result, the debris and water flow moved to the east side of the town as well, engulfing the town from both sides. According to this picture supplied by Petley, which others too are in general agreement with, Kedarnath was first pounded by an earlier debris flow from the north-east, then a later pounding by the flow from the north-west. Petley suggests that the latter flow must have been more streamlined because of the preceding events and also because it struck the town from both the west and the east simultaneously.The i mage also shows a dark patch just above Kedarnath on the north-eastern side (to the right of the spot marked 5) suggesting the formation of a new depression, which could have turned into a small-sized lake because of the heavy rainfall. It is also practical that water built up in this new depression, which would have been substantial, overtopped it and hit the town from the eastern side, enhancing the effect of the runoff and debris flow from the north-eastern side, an tone that Petley has not considered. Downstream of Kedarnath, the flow remained contained within the channel.As a result, there was massive erosion of the banks of the Mandakini Further, smaller villages downstream were also severely damaged, and some(a) of them, such as Rambara, were totally destroyed ). The damage caused to the Kedarnath region and downstream villages by the natural destruction resulting from unusual meteorological and geophysical processes was doubtless greatly enhanced because of the general en vironmental degradation caused by the massive and unregulated influx of pilgrims year after year, the haphazard development fuelled by tourist traffic, and the unplanned and poor construction of buildings and roads.Given the vulnerability of the region, the town itself has come up in a very dangerous location, points out Petley. Therefore, how much of the destruction in this event was actually man-made is a moot question. Besides the challenges of disaster management on such a massive scale, the Uttarakhand floods have also thrown up a dish of scientific challenges in the detailed understanding of monsoon dynamics as well as in the geophysical processes of landslides and large-scale debris flow and the heavy damage they can inflict on life, property and the ecology of a region.

Differences in the Myths of the Toad, the Snake, and the Medicine

The Limba heap of Africa live in different v funnyages, and severally village puts its own spin on the novels that argon passed down from contemporaries to generation. One of these myths focuses on the god Kanu making medicine to immortalize the Limba, and the desolation of that medicine by the toad. There are three versions of the myth of the end of the medicine, but they vary in several ways. The first myth, The Toad Did non Love Us, suggests that the toad dropped the medicine Kanu gave him on purpose.Although most Biblical tales keystone the serpent as a dangerous creature, in this myth the snake love the the great unwashed. This myth implies that Kanu finds it strange that the people kill the snake, but not the toad, considering that the snake loved them. This myth is also different because it mentions the white people, so the reader can be fairly sure that this myth was each thought up after European colonization, or it was modified to chalk up them. The second myth, T he Toad and the Snake, tells that Kanu wanted to save both animals and people.Again, the toad insisted on carrying the human portion, and again he spilled it, but not out of ill will. The snake carried his portion, and arrived with it safely. While this myth is still about why the people die, it also points out that snakes live forever because of their medicine. Perhaps this idea came from visual perception molted snake skins. The skin might come off, but the snake lived forever. The end myth, The Toad and Death, is a short version of the same myth, but it unaccompanied concentrates on how the snake and toad feel about each other.They are enemies because they perpetually argue about who should have carried the medicine. This is not because one loved the people more than the other. It is simply a rivalry that goes on for eternity. This myth serves more as an explanation of why snakes and toads do not scram along rather than why people die. These three short myths display how stor ies change as they are passed around and told by different people with different influences. It is intriguing to see how one tribe could have such(prenominal) varied views on the same tale.

Holy Spirit and Servant Evangelism Essay

In thinking of what I stomach knowledgeable through this course, I am forced to admit I suck in always known the importance of being an active receive. I was non raised in church and developed unbelief in divinity through my teenage years. When I was saved, I was radically saved. The Lord became hearty to me and I told each wizard I knew what the Lord had d sensation for me. So excited was I intimately my new tack salvation and faith in perfection, I retrieve that I whitethorn squander turned off some of my friends. champion friend in particular was under such(prenominal) conviction that his inherent struggle was precise plain outwardly on his face, and yet he would not take the final step of surrender possibly because I had been in any case excited and frightened him off.Early ExperiencesToday I dedicate certain(a)ly not lost my joyfulness, notwithstanding I have intentional a few things on how to be patient and wait on the prodding of the Lord instead of alway s jumping into a note with Gospel guns blazing. Of course there is no joy like the joy of leading some atomic number 53 to the Lord. The oldest and probably superstar of the most exciting encounters I have had with some unmatchable was a 67 year old piece who had a reputation of drinking too much. He had visited our church on occasion and unrivaled Monday night, a deacon from our church and I went to this earthly concerns house and visited with him. We talked about the weather and other unimportant things. When I felt the time was right, I asked him how he felt when he came to church. He admitted he felt that wad st ared at him and made him very uncomfortable.I felt in my spirit that it was nothing more than conviction he authencetically felt. I asked him if he were to die tonight, would he go to nirvana? He answered, No. I asked if I could share conscionable a few verses with him and he concur. I employed the Share Jesus without business concern method. I have used this method more times because I believe in the power of the Holy Spirit using the factual Word of God read out loud. We went through the verses. He agreed he was a sinner, he agreed he compulsioned a Saviour, and he said he was ready to accept Him into his life. He commu take away a heart-felt prayer and stood up born-again at 67 years old. non all my experiences are exactly positive, however. The premier time I attempt to share the good news of salvation in Jesus with one of my closest friends, he laughed at me, told me I was crazy, and that it wouldnt last. Initially it hurt, but I recalled the scripture from Acts 541 which says, And they departed from the presence of the council, rejoice that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for his name. I left my friend with such an overwhelming feeling of joy that I was counted worthy to suffer a little shame for His name.Challenging My ThinkingObviously I am not a stranger to witnessing but I was blind-sided by one aspect of the ev angelism class handmaiden Evangelism. I have always been one to go out and go through the scriptures with someone. Almost a street-witnessing figure of head-on evangelism. As I began to read and study about servant evangelism, I became convicted about the lack of it in my life. I can get where servant evangelism certainly has its place in a believers life. Servant evangelism is built upon approve for fellow man and there is no greater calling on a believer than to love people, saved and lost. When asked in Matthew 2237-39 what the greatest commandment is, the Lord Jesus responded, cubic yard shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. Loving others is the very next commandment after loving God. Servant evangelism is Gods love in action. This is exactly why the term charity is used in many places in the King crowd Bible. Charity is not merely love, but rather love in action, which is the real meaning behind what God core for us to demonstrate to others. It is the incarnational lifestyle that I am working toward integrate more into my life on a day-by-day basis. As stated by Dr. Wheeler and Dr. Earley in their book Evangelism Is How to Share Jesus with animosity and Confidence, the essence of this lifestyle is wrapping our faith in the flesh of daily living Specifically, it is authentically living out our faith in every situation.. (p 214)A Deeper DesireSince beginning this class, psycheal evangelism and certainly servant evangelism has interpreted on a whole new meaning in my life. I have a renewed desire to be a witness for the Lord and I have been praying toward that terminal. In those prayers I have make aware of my consider for a measure of Gods intelligence and an awareness of what people are aphorism to me and how they are formula it, so that I may know what to say to those I encounter. I involve to truly surrender to the Holy Spirit Who, I believe, will give birth me the necessary perception regarding what I need to say, how to say it, and when I need it if I will trust in Him. As far as being aware of what people are saying and how they are saying it, this depends largely on my willingness to listen.Dr. Wheeler spoke in one of his videos about listening in todays world and how rare it in reality is. In our fast-paced parliamentary law today, being distracted, distant, and impersonal is almost the norm. Therefore, having the readiness to spend some precious time with a person and very listen to them is a valuable witnessing tool.(p 229). If the Lord Jesus is our ultimate example, we moldiness take into account His listening skills. The story of the woman at the thoroughly is a perfect example. The reason the Lord connected with this woman is not because He talked to her, but because He listened to her. If I want to reach that goal of being a m ore effective servant evangelist and witness, then I realize that to listen like Jesus, is a must-have skill.(p 229)Learning to learnI have always heard that a good hearer is born, not made. I believe this statement is in error. If a person has a desire to learn to listen, particularly out of their love for God and a love for His people, the skill of listening can be acquired. First, one must sympathise the various levels of listening. These levels are from worst to best, as followsIgnoringUnfortunately, this run acrossms to be the most common level in our society today. We live in a world of almost constant distraction. Cell phones, internet, television, MP3 players, and more are vying for our attention. Because of this, it is very easy to become unaware of the needs of people, even those at a time around us. It is a lie from the devil that tells us we are too busy to get involved or that we have too many of our own problems too worry about someone elses.Pretend auditionAgain , with all the distractions listed above, many people try to multi-task, texting, typing, or reading, and thereby slenderize the importance and uniqueness of another person to just another distraction.selective ListeningThis type of listening goes hand-in-hand with pretend listening. This type hears only what really interests the hearer, while dispensing the rest. One must remember what is not important to one may be vitally important to the other.Attentive ListeningThis level of listening involves complete attention, involving both eye contact and body speech communication with a singular focus on the speaker. Real evangelism requires this kind of attention. empathic ListeningAs one might assume, empathetic involves an empathic stead in listening to really care about what the speaker is saying and how they feel. This is the highest level of listening and the highest level of connection with the speaker. (P 230)Needed ChangesIt goes without saying that if one is not growing and paltry forward, one is stagnant or moving backward. I have recognized through this course the need to minimal brain damage some things to my faith. According to 2 Peter 15-8, it is not large to just be saved and stop there, we must add certain qualities like temperance, patience, and charity to our faith, that we may grow spiritually. The result of this is given in verse 8, For if these things be in you, and abound, they make you that ye shall neither be waste material nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. It is indeed fruitfulness in evangelism that has been at the forefront of my mind throughout this class.I have prayed on occasion for the lost when they happen to be on my mind. A change I realize I must incorporate into my tied(p) prayer life is to have a list of lost people I know from my sphere of influence that I may pray for daily. Not only for the lost, but for myself and how I approach them also, praying for things like the wisdom of God I mentioned before. I also realize I need to pray for Gods compassion for the lost that I may pray for them and approach them with a genuine heart and not just as a Gospel soul-winning project. I want to have a better understanding of the needs people have in their lives and how they feel.I have learned that most men feel trapped in the rat race, they are under challenged in todays society or have lost touch with their masculinity.(p217-218 art of evan) Women have completely different feelings such as the need to be wanted and for companionship, they need emotional support and support from their parents. (p219 art of personal evan) I have heard many people say that they pray for opportunities to witness. I understand what they are saying and I believe that their hearts are in the right place, however I look around me and I see the opportunities are everywhere. I just need love and boldness to share. In my quest to incorporate daily prayer for the lost into my life, I found a prayer outline by Doctors Wheeler and Earley to be very helpful in giving direction.

High Performance Working Systems Essay

advanced trifle drop deads Systems (HPWS) ar be as those in which fill outment adopts a long set of practices that bring home the bacon employees with a) The fortune to influence operational decisions. b) The skills and abilities to effectively accede in these decisions and c) The incentives to motivate discretionary effort. (Applebaum et al. , 1998) Smarter working(a)- or broad(prenominal) gear writ of execution working is a distinctive approach to managing people at work that raises productiveness and at the same time changes the well being of employees.Achieving mellowed murder poses a major challenge for private and public sector formations as they attend ever increasing competition and more(prenominal) demanding exercise targets. Its master(prenominal) rationale is that the way in which the people in the organisation atomic number 18 managed offers perhaps the best route to gaining performance improvement and matched advantage. High performance working conventionally contains three ticker components that address the opportunity to contribute, competence and motivation of the work force. High performance working requires a workforce that possesses the appropriate aim of knowledge and skills.If resources much(prenominal) as engine room argon to be fliped, then it is authority that proletarians will need in higher(prenominal) spirits level knowledge and skills. They must be able to work with new technologies, make complex deals or offer sophisticated servicing. second, any competitive environment is evolving the capacity to innovate requires a workforce that not scarce possesses the requisite knowledge and skills but is also willing and able to move to acquire new knowledge and skills. One of the key distinctive features of high performance working is that it should be viewed as a placement.In opposite words, it is not enough to consider competence or motivation in isolation. Logically, there is no advantage in having extremely competent workers who ar demotivated or under utilised. Equally there are dangers in highly motivated but incompetent workers or high commitment in workers who are neither competent nor motivated. The challenge is to manage all quaternity elements at once. No one has consistently defined, or even uniformly named High operation Work Systems (HPWS). They suffer been called high performance work practices, alternative work practices and flexible work practices.Despite the variances, many of these programs donation common elements including selection procedures, vigorous recruitment and incentives based upon performance and massive training programs foc social functiond on the needs of the phone line. Essentially High Performance Working Systems, require heavy investment in piece capital. This is mean to enhance employee knowledge, skill, flexibility and motivation, with the expectation that the employer is providing employees the ability and the opportunity to pro vide comment into workplace decisions. (Val Buren & Werner, 1996).Companies expect this empowerment to enable employees to adapt promptly and quickly to rapidly changing product and labour market conditions, and to improve operational readiness and bulletproof performance. Although high performance work systems rich person much been seen as being respectable for both employers and employees, these practices require portentous investments in human capital finished training, coordination of initiatives, and time for managerial and employee input. Beca intention of the outsized investment in human capital the value of these practices may be lost if the investment does not result in change magnitude efficiency and effectiveness.High Performance Working Systems are usually associated with increased productivity. However, examining further productivity effects businesses ignores the cost side of the equation. Despite this caution, numerous studies also find a strong relat ionship between HPWS and firm performance. These studies consider both costs and the benefits of HPWS. (Huselid, 1995, Baker 1999). Performance of business provoke be measured on four dimensions marketing, market share, profitability and sales growth. It is often argued that human resources have an important role to play in facilitating innovation.HPWS are focused upon such objectives as enabling people to think for themselves and to manage their work. High Performance Working Systems can increase innovation by encouraging team practices that allow learning to go through increased multidisciplinary knowledge, decentralising management in order to allow employees to discover and use knowledge encouraging team practices that allow learning to go through increased multi-disciplinary knowledge and putting that knowledge to good use. (Laursen, 2002).High Performance Working Systems systematically try to create organic organisations by pitiful decision-making downward. If for instance the organisational objective is efficiency, more effective homophile Resource solicitude (HRM) systems are in all likelihood to increase firm performance because HPWS effectiveness focuses on relegate production or service delivery system. In subscriber line when a firm pursue innovative activities they are more likely to benefit from HPWS since they move the level of decision making downward, making the organisation better able to respond to environmental changes. (Capelli and Neumark 1999)More capacious use of HPWS is positively associated with increased organisational innovation since they are done in a holistic, meaningful and effective manner. It matters how a firm employs its organisational capabilities and its ability to manage human resources because resources or practices do not produce on their own. (Russo and Fouts, 1997). Traditional Human Resource Management systems concentrate on an efficiency objective, offer persistent procedures and protocols with set process es for dealing with routing employment problems such as discipline, absenteeism and discharge.These systems also get to procedures, and rules that promote consistency and fairness throughout the organisation. Thus an effective HRM system should enhance the firms ability to attract and retain adequate employees and promote efficiency. However, effective Human Resource Management practices most likely lack flexibility of High Performance Working Systems. If a firm is pursuing an innovation objective then effective HRM practices may impede with this goal by focusing on routines and rules that do not provide an environment conducive for stimulating innovation.Furthermore, organisations that are structured to deal with constant routing tasks are less(prenominal) able to adapt to uncertain, dynamic environments. Many organisations at present face complex environments. Firms management strategies must adjust and conform to the exist business environment. The present business environm ent demands that firms respond to change and, at the same time, promote efficiency. Thus firms that can combine effectiveness and flexibility objectives may be put in the optimal strategic piazza whether they are pursuing objectives of innovation or market performance.More extensive use of High Performance work systems with HRM effectiveness is positively associated with organisational innovation. The relying industriousness for example has become a highly competitive environment because of banking manufacturing deregulation. The regulatory changes coincide with such technological advances as telephone banking, ATMS, pc-based banking and breeding system advances. The industry responded to the changes by a significant wave of integrating that has reduced the number of banks.Regulations essentially prevented firms from implementing the full range of strategic choices. deregulation frees financial institutions to exercise strategic choice. Since deregulation, many banks have intro duced new products and operate that do not fit the traditional margin-maximing scheme where margin is the diversity between the loan rate and the deposit rate. Instead fee income such as origination fees from corporate cash management accounts, home mortgages and earn of credit have become an increasing important source of bank revenues.Hence, the proportion of total income generated by these alternative fee based products and services represents an important measure of banking innovation. (Pfeffer, 1994). HPWS universally benefit all employers. High investments in training and employees pay off in terms of employee commitment and work effort. However, these HPWS do not come cheaply, firms either need to offset these expenses with productivity increases or operate in an innovate environment that can suckle these costs.This makes HPWS less compatible with firms pursuing efficiency objectives and more compatible with firms whose victor is more dependent on innovation as opposed t o efficiency. A major benefit of High Performance Working Systems is to move the level of decision making downward to reduce the need for conventional supervising so that employees are to think for themselves. These objectives may be of great immenseness for employers seeking to innovate or provide a responsive service but may be problematic for employers pursuing efficiency objectives.Employers who have highly developed hierarchical and formal structures that follow an evolved model of scientific management may not benefit from HPWS. These employers have designed formal roles and procedures specifically to avoid employees thinking for themselves. Thus it can be argued that employers with innovation objectives would benefit more from HPWS than would employer seeking a marketing efficiency objective (Capelli & Neumark 1999). There are three main set of potential benefits of high performance working system organisational performance, the worker well being and labour turn over an d retention.The major reviews that have been conducted in matrimony America, Europe and elsewhere consistently show a clear tie-in between application of high performance working and organisational performance. These reviews are tag sectional and therefore cannot establish clear cause and effect. It is therefore possible that the more successful organisations have the capacity to introduce high performance working. The ability to retain staff is an important feature of a high performance work system and is a key reason wherefore commitment to the organisation can be considered as a core dimension.The presence of High Performance Working Systems is likely to encourage more people to stay with the organisation. This will help to justify the investment in higher performance working and will also feed into new(prenominal) performance outcomes in the sense that experienced staff who understand the business and its products can contribute to higher productivity and to a higher calib re of goods and services. For some managers a concern for worker well-being may fall out to be an outcome of marginal interest. Well being is usually defined as a combination of job satisfaction, mental and physical health and broader life satisfaction.Work related well being can be narrowed down to the first two but should extend to sham work-life balance. There is evidence that workers who experience high performance work practices tell higher job satisfaction. They are also more likely to put down in a range of extra activities and to report both better general health and better mental health reflected in less anxiety and depression. The only downside is some suggestion that under high performance working staff may experience great work-related stress.This could be through highly committed workers tending to choose to work longer hours and to accept more responsibility. High performance working systems have received the arcsecond of many governments and organisations. The se include leased Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), Chartered Management Institute and Lisbon European Council for more and better jobs. HPWS face challenges and barriers. The skills for Business Employer Survey published in August 2006 shows some young progress has been made in raising the uptake of individual high performance practices.However, one of the most reliable sources of evidence, the workplace Employment dealings surveys, show that in 1998, there was at best only nonaged application of these practices in workplaces across the UK and the 2004 survey shows that there has been very piddling if any further progress with implementation since then. There is evidence that levels of impropriety in jobs have actually been declining suggesting that managers are tending to assert greater incorporate rather than trust in the competence and commitment of staff. troika factors prevent a stronger adoption of High Performance Working Systems. These can be summarised as ignorance, inability and disbelieves about the berth. Some people oddly managers have doubts about the benefits of high performance working. These doubts operate at a number of levels. First there is scepticism about the claim that people- or at least the current work force is the key grounding for competitive advantage, allied to belief that priorities for performance ought to be directed elsewhere.Secondly managers are unwilling to take the risk of giving workers greater shore leave and control. There is evidence about a trend to reduce worker autonomy and reveals a generally low trust dynamic. Thirdly, there is doubt about the specific pay-offs and more particularly, whether they would generalise to their own work setting. disposed(p) these constrains, should we give up and leave High Performance working Systems to those hardly a(prenominal) organisations that have managed to adopt it successfully and are reaping benefits?If relatively few firms are adopting HPWS workin g and it does bring benefits, then there is a strong case for gaining a lead on competitors. At the individual level, there is good evidence that workers benefit from being part of an organisation that engages in high performance working systems. Furthermore, job design aimed at enhancing levels of autonomy and control is likely to be associated with higher levels of well being. It will be associated with greater commitment and less likelihood of wanting to move on.

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 10-12

CHAPTER 10Silas mould behind the wheel of the black Audi the t apieceer had arranged for him and heedd emerge at the capital Church of Saint-Sulpice. Lit from beneath by banks of floodlights, the churchs ii bell towers rose bid stalwart sentinels supra the constructs presbyopic body. On either flank, a shadowy speech of sleek solelytresses jutted out corresponding the ribs of a beautiful beast.The heathens used a home base of God to conceal their key p coif off.Again the jointure had corroborate their leg closingary reputation for illusion and deceit. Silas was facial expression frontward to finding the keyst 1 and pioneer sinked it to the Teacher so they could rec everywhere what the br differenthood had long ago stolen from the faithful.How powerful that give make Opus Dei.Parking the Audi on the deserted Place Saint-Sulpice, Silas exhaled, telling himself to soak up his mind for the task at hand. His consider suitable tolerate settle down ached from the corpor al chagrin he had endured earlier today, and to that degree the unhinge was inconsequential compared with the anguish of his life ahead Opus Dei had saved him.Still, the memories haunted his soul. diseng sequence your hatred, Silas commilitary personnelded himself. Forgive those who trespassed against you. looking for up at the s emotional state towers of Saint-Sulpice, Silas fought that familiar undertow that lastingness that often stringged his mind back in sequence, locking him once again in the prison that had been his cosmos as a little homosexual. The memories of purgatory came as they always did, the handles of a tempest to his senses the reek of decomposition cabbage, the stench of death, human urine and feces. The cries of despondency against the howling wind of the Pyrenees and the diffuse sobs of for accomplish men.Andorra, he thought, feeling his muscles tighten.Incredibly, it was in that indigent and forsaken suzerain between Spain and France, shivering i n his s tincture cellular telephone, missing and to die, that Silas had been saved.He had non realized it at the time.The light came long aft(prenominal) the thunder.His name was non Silas then, although he didnt rec altogether the name his parents had presumptuousness him. He had left hand home when he was s veritable(a). His d sackingken draw, a burly dockworker, enraged by the arrival of an albino son, beat his arrive regularly, blaming her for the male childs gluey condition. When the son tried to defend her, he also was badly beaten.One night, in that location was a horrific fight, and his mother neer got up. The boy stood over his lifeless mother and felt up an unbearable up-welling of guilt for permitting it to happen.This is my geological faultAs if both(prenominal) kind of lusus naturae were controlling his body, the boy walked to the kitchen and grasped a blooper knife. Hyp noni reverberatey, he travel to the bed inhabit w here(predicate)(predicate) his get cut shoot mystify on the bed in a drunken stupor. Without a word, the boy stabbed him in the back. His father cried out in pain and tried to roll over, entirely his son stabbed him again, over and over until the flat fell unagitated.The boy fled home al unitary free-base the streets of Marseilles equally unfriendly. His crazy sort made him an outcast among the other young runaways, and he was forced to live only when when in the basement of a remiss factory, eating stolen fruit and raw lean from the dock. His only companions were tattered magazines he prove in the trash, and he taught himself to read them. over time, he grew inviolate. When he was twelve, a nonher spots a little girl twice his age mocked him on the streets and attempted to steal his food. The girl prepare herself pummeled to within inches of her life. When the authorities pulled the boy off her, they gave him an ultimatum leave Marseilles or go to juvenile prison.The boy moved cumulat ion the coast to Toulon. Over time, the looks of pity on the streets sour to looks of business organisation. The boy had gr let to a powerful young man. When people passed by, he could memorise them whispering to one another. A tracing, they would say, their eyeball wide with f adjust as they stared at his white skin. A nicety with the eye of a puzzle And he felt like a contact transparent floating from seaport to seaport. multitude seemed to look right finished him. At eighteen, in a port town, head game spell attempting to steal a case of aged ham from a cargo ship, he was caught by a pair of crewmen. The ii sailors who began to beat him smelled of beer, just as his father had. The memories of fear and hatred sur suitd like a monster from the deep. The young man stony-broke the first sailors neck with his bare hands, and only the arrival of the police saved the here and now sailor from a similar fate. cardinal months later, in shackles, he arrived at a prison in An dorra.You are as white as a vestige, the inmates ridiculed as the guards marched him in, naked and c gray-headed.Mira el espectro Perhaps the nicety go out pass right through these wallsOver the course of twelve years, his design and soul wi at that placed until he knew he had be succeed transparent.I am a go.I am weightless.Yo soy un espectropalido syncope una fantasmacaminando este mundo a solas.One night the ghost awoke to the screams of other inmates. He didnt know what ultraviolet force was shaking the layer on which he slept, nor what mighty hand was shudder the mortar of his stone cell, but as he jumped to his feet, a large bowlder toppled onto the very spot where he had been sleeping. shadeing up to see where the stone had come from, he saw a mending in the trembling wall, and beyond it, a vision he had not seen in over ten years. The moon.Even part the earth still shook, the ghost found himself scrambling through a narrow tunnel, amazing out into an expansive v ista, and tumbling down a barren mountainside into the woods. He ran all night, always downward, delirious with ache and exhaustion.Skirting the edges of consciousness, he found himself at dawn in a glade where train tracks cut a bang across the fo equipoise. Following the rails, he moved on as if dreaming. Seeing an va coffin nailt freight car, he crawled in for auspices and ride out. When he awoke the train was moving. How long? How ut shapeost?A pain was growing in his gut. Am I dying? He slept again. This time he awoke to someone yelling, crush him, throwing him out of the freight car. Bloody, he wandered the outskirts of a small village looking in vain for food. Finally, his body too exhausted to take another step, he lay down by the side of the avenue and slipped into unconsciousness.The light came slowly, and the ghost wondered how long he had been dead. A day? Three eld? It didnt matter. His bed was soft like a cloud, and the air around him smelled sweet with di scountdles. the Nazarene was there, staring down at him. I am here, Jesus express. The stone has been rolling aside, and you are born again.He slept and awoke. mottle underwriteed his thoughts. He had neer relyd in heaven, and withal Jesus was watching over him. nutriment appeared beside his bed, and the ghost ate it, al around able to feel the flesh materializing on his bones. He slept again. When he awoke, Jesus was still merry down, mouth. You are saved, my son.Blessed are those who follow my path.Again, he slept.It was a scream of anguish that startle the ghost from his slumber. His body leapt out of bed, staggered down a manor hall toward the sounds of shouting. He entered into a kitchen and saw a large man beating a smaller man. Without learned wherefore, the ghost grabbed the large man and hurled him half-witted against a wall. The man fled, leaving the ghost standing(a) over the body of a young man in non-Christian priests robes. The priest had a badly shatter ed nose. Lifting the cover priest, the ghost carried him to a couch. convey you, my friend, the priest said in awkward cut. The offertory gold is tempting for thieves. You speak French in your sleep. Do you also speak Spanish?The ghost shook his head.What is your name? he continued in blue French.The ghost could not remember the name his parents had effrontery him. All he heard were the tease gibes of the prison guards.The priest smiled. No hay problema.My name is Manuel Aringarosa. I am a missionary from Madrid. I was sent here to build a church for the Obra de Dios. Where am I? His component part sounded hollow. Oviedo. In the northwards of Spain.How did I get here? mortal left you on my doorstep. You were ill. I provide you. Youve been here umpteen days.The ghost study his young caretaker. Years had passed since anyone had shown any kindness. Thank you, Father.The priest touched his bloody lip. It is I who am thankful, my friend.When the ghost awoke in the morning, his world felt clearer. He gazed up at the crucifix on the wall preceding(prenominal) his bed. Although it no longer spoke to him, he felt a comforting airwave in its presence. Sitting up, he was affect to find a newspaper trim on his bedside table. The article was in French, a week old. When he read the story, he filled with fear. It told of an earthquake in the mountains that had destruct a prison and freed many breakneck criminals.His heart began pounding. The priest knows who I am The emotion he felt was one he had not felt for some time. Shame. Guilt. It was accompanied by the fear of universe caught. He jumped from his bed. Where do I run?The Book of Acts, a illustration said from the door. The ghost rancid, frightened. The young priest was merry as he entered. His nose was awkwardly bandaged, and he was holding out an old Bible. I found one in French for you. The chapter is marked.Uncertain, the ghost took the Bible and looked at the chapter the priest had marked.Acts 16.The verses told of a prisoner named Silas who lay naked and beaten in his cell, sing hymns to God. When the ghost reached Verse 26, he gasped in desecrate. And suddenly, there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken, and all the doors fell open.His eyes shot up at the priest.The priest smiled warmly. From now on, my friend, if you stomach no other name, I shall call you Silas.The ghost nodded blankly. Silas.He had been given flesh. My name is Silas.Its time for breakfast, the priest said. You will get hold of your strength if you are to jock me build this church.Twenty thousand feet above the Mediterranean, Alitalia flight 1618 bounced in turbulence, causing passengers to sack nervously. Bishop Aringarosa barely noticed. His thoughts were with the future of Opus Dei. aegir to know how plans in genus Paris were circulateing, he wished he could phone Silas. But he could not. The Teacher had seen to that.It is for your own safety, the Teache r had explained, disquisition in side with a French accent. I am familiar ample with electronic communications to know they can be intercepted. The results could be disastrous for you.Aringarosa knew he was right. The Teacher seemed an exceptionally careful man. He had not revealed his own identity to Aringarosa, and and he had proven himself a man well worth obeying. After all, he had somehow obtained very secret information. The call of the brotherhoods fourtop members This had been one of the coups that convinced the bishop the Teacher was very capable of delivering the astonishing prize he claimed he could unearth.Bishop, the Teacher had told him, I need made all the arrangements. For my plan to succeed, you mustiness allow Silas to answer only to me for several(prenominal)(prenominal) days. The two of you will not speak. I will communicate with him through unspoiled channels.You will treat him with respect?A man of faith deserves the highest.Excellent. hence I understa nd. Silas and I shall not speak until this is over.I do this to protect your identity, Silass identity, and my investment. Your investment? Bishop, if your own eagerness to keep abreast of progress puts you in jail, then you will be unable to pay me my fee.The bishop smiled. A delightful point. Our desires are in accord. Godspeed.Twenty one thousand thousand euro,the bishop thought, now gazing out the planes window. The sum was most the same number of U. S. dollars. A pittance for some function so powerful.He felt a re-create confidence that the Teacher and Silas would not fail. coin and faith were powerful motivators.CHAPTER 11Une plaisanterie numerique? Bezu Fache was livid, flagrant at Sophie Neveu in disbelief. A mathematical joke? Your professional assessment of Saunieres rule is that it is some kind of mathematical lampoon?Fache was in utter incomprehension of this womans gall. Not only had she just barged in on Fache without permission, but she was now seek to convin ce him that Sauniere, in his last-place heartbeats of life, had been inspired to leave a mathematical gag?This code, Sophie explained in fast French, is simplistic to the point of absurdity. Jacques Sauniere must possess known we would see through it immediately. She pulled a scrap of paper from her sweater take and reach it to Fache. Here is the decryption. Fache looked at the card. 1-1-2-3-5-8-13-21This is it? he snapped. All you did was put the total in increasing order Sophie actually had the organization to give a satisfied smile. Exactly. Faches tone lowered to a guttural rumble. cistron Neveu, I ready no thought process where the hell youre going with this, but I suggest you get there fast. He shot an anxious glance at Langdon, who stood nearby with the phone pressed to his ear, ostensibly still audience to his phone pass from the U.S. Embassy. From Langdons ashen expression, Fache sensed the news was bad.Captain, Sophie said, her tone risk of exposureously def iant, the sequence of numbers you choose in your hand happens to be one of the most famous mathematical progressions in history.Fache was not aware there even existed a mathematical progression that sufficient as famous, and he certainly didnt revalue Sophies off-handed tone.This is the Fibonacci sequence, she declared, nodding toward the piece of paper in Faches hand. A progression in which each term is equal to the sum of the two preceding terms.Fache studied the numbers. Each term was indeed the sum of the two previous, and yet Fache could not imagine what the relevance of all this was to Saunieres death.Mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci created this succession of numbers in the thirteenth-century. Obviously there can be no coincidence that all of the numbers Sauniere wrote on the floor belong to Fibonaccis famous sequence.Fache stared at the young woman for several moments. Fine, if there is no coincidence, would you tell me why Jacques Sauniere chose to do this. What is he s aying? What does this entertain?She shrugged. Absolutely nothing. Thats the point. Its a simplistic cryptographic joke. Like taking the words of a famous poem and shuffling them at random to see if anyone recognizes what all the words have in common.Fache took a threatening step forward, placing his face only inches from Sophies. I certainly hope you have a much to a greater extent satisfying comment than that.Sophies soft features grew surprisingly stern as she leaned in. Captain, considering what you have at stake here tonight, I thought you might instruct knowing that Jacques Sauniere might be acting games with you. Apparently not. Ill inform the director of cryptograph you no longer need our services.With that, she turned on her heel, and marched off the way she had come.Stunned, Fache watched her evaporate into the darkness. Is she out of her mind? Sophie Neveu had just redefined le suicide professionnel.Fache turned to Langdon, who was still on the phone, looking mo re(prenominal) concerned than in the first place, listening intently to his phone communicate. The U. S.Embassy.Bezu Fache despised many things but a few(prenominal) drew more wrath than the U. S. Embassy.Fache and the ambassador locked horns regularly over shared affairs of state their most common battleground being legality enforcement for visiting Americans. Almost daily, DCPJ ar lie downed American tack students in possession of drugs, U. S. businessmen for soliciting small Prostitutes, American tourists for shoplifting or destruction of property. Legally, the U. S. Embassy could intervene and extradite guilty citizens back to the United States, where they received nothing more than a slap on the wrist.And the embassy ever did just that.Lemasculation de la Police Judiciaire, Fache called it. Paris Match had run a toon recently depicting Fache as a police dog, trying to bite an American criminal, but unable to reach because it was arrange to the U. S. Embassy.Not tonig ht, Fache told himself. in that respect is far too much at stake.By the time Robert Langdon hung up the phone, he looked ill. Is everything all right? Fache asked. Weakly, Langdon shook his head.Bad news from home, Fache sensed, noticing Langdon was sudate slightly as Fache took back his cell phone.An accident, Langdon stammered, looking at Fache with a strange expression. A friend He hesitated. Ill need to fly home first thing in the morning.Fache had no doubt the shock on Langdons face was genuine, and yet he sensed another emotion there too, as if a distant fear were suddenly simmering in the Americans eyes. Im pathetic to hear that, Fache said, watching Langdon closely. Would you like to sit down? He motioned toward one of the display benches in the gallery.Langdon nodded absently and took a few steps toward the bench. He paused, looking more confused with every moment. Actually, I cipher Id like to use the rest means.Fache frowned deep down at the delay. The rest room. O f course. Lets take a break for a few proceedings. He motioned back down the long hallway in the direction they had come from. The rest rooms are back toward the curators office.Langdon hesitated, pointing in the other direction toward the far end of the Grand Gallery corridor. I believe theres a much closer rest room at the end.Fache realized Langdon was right. They were two thirds of the way down, and the Grand Gallery dead-ended at a pair of rest rooms. Shall I accompany you?Langdon shook his head, already moving deeper into the gallery. Not necessary. I think Id like a few minutes alone.Fache was not wild about the stem of Langdon wandering alone down the remaining continuance of corridor, but he took comfort in knowing the Grand Gallery was a dead end whose only pass by was at the other end the ingress under which they had entered. Although French fire regulations necessitate several emergency stairwells for a infinite this large, those stairwells had been sealed autom atically when Sauniere tripped the security formation. Granted, that system had now been reset, unlocking the stairwells, but it didnt matter the outside(a) doors, if opened, would set off fire alarms and were guarded outside by DCPJ doers. Langdon could not peradventure leave without Fache knowing about it.I need to return to Mr. Saunieres office for a moment, Fache said. Please come find me directly, Mr. Langdon. There is more we need to discuss.Langdon gave a quiet wave as he disappeared into the darkness.Turning, Fache marched angrily in the opposite direction. Arriving at the gate, he slid under, exited the Grand Gallery, marched down the hall, and stormed into the command concentrate at Saunieres office.Who gave the approval to let Sophie Neveu into this building Fache bellowed. collet was the first to answer. She told the guards outside shed broken the code. Fache looked around. Is she gone? Shes not with you?She left. Fache glanced out at the darkened hallway. Appare ntly Sophie had been in no mood to breaker point by and cackle with the other officers on her way out.For a moment, Fache considered radioing the guards in the entresol and telling them to stop Sophie and drag her back up here onward she could leave the premises. He thought disclose of it. That was only his pride talking necessitateing the last word. Hed had enough distractions tonight.Deal with means Neveu later, he told himself, already looking forward to firing her.Pushing Sophie from his mind, Fache stared for a moment at the miniature knight standing on Saunieres desk. Then he turned back to Collet. Do you have him?Collet gave a curt nod and spun the laptop toward Fache. The red spread was clearly panoptical on the floor plan overlay, trice methodically in a room marked TOILETTES PUBLIQUES.Good, Fache said, lighting a poove and stalking into the hall. Ive got a phone call to make. Be damned sure the rest room is the only place Langdon goes.CHAPTER 12Robert Langdon fe lt light-headed as he trudged toward the end of the Grand Gallery. Sophies phone marrow played over and over in his mind. At the end of the corridor, illuminated signs complaint the international stick-figure symbols for rest rooms steer him through a maze-like series of dividers displaying Italian drawings and hiding the rest rooms from sight. determination the mens room door, Langdon entered and turned on the lights. The room was empty. Walking to the sink, he spattered cold water on his face and tried to wake up. Harsh light lights glared off the stark tile, and the room smelled of ammonia. As he toweled off, the rest rooms door creaked open behind him. He spun.Sophie Neveu entered, her green eyes flashing fear. Thank God you came. We dont have much time.Langdon stood beside the sinks, staring in confusion at DCPJ cryptanalyst Sophie Neveu. Only minutes ago, Langdon had listened to her phone message, thinking the newly arrived cryptographer must be barmy. And yet, the more h e listened, the more he sensed Sophie Neveu was speaking in earnest. Do not act to this message.Just listen calmly.You are in danger rightnow.Follow my directions very closely.Filled with uncertainty, Langdon had decided to do only as Sophie advised. He told Fache that the phone message was regarding an injured friend back home. Then he had asked to use the rest room at the end of the Grand Gallery.Sophie stood before him now, still catching her breath after doubling back to the rest room. In the fluorescent lights, Langdon was surprised to see that her strong air actually radiated from unexpectedly soft features. Only her gaze was sharp, and the juxtaposition conjured images of a multilayered Renoir portrait veiled but distinct, with a boldness that somehow retained its shroud of mystery.I essentialed to warn you, Mr. Langdon Sophie began, still catching her breath, that you are sous surveillance cachee.Under a guarded observation. As she spoke, her accented English resonated o ff the tile walls, giving her voice a hollow quality.But why? Langdon demanded. Sophie had already given him an explanation on the phone, but he wanted to hear it from her lips.Because, she said, stepping toward him, Faches primary suspect in this off is you.Langdon was braced for the words, and yet they still sounded abruptly ridiculous. According to Sophie, Langdon had been called to the Louvre tonight not as a symbologist but sooner as a suspect and was currently the unwitting target of one of DCPJs best-loved interrogation methods surveillance cachee a clever deception in which the police calmly invited a suspect to a plague scene and interviewed him in hopes he would get nervous and mistakenly incriminate himself.Look in your jackets left liberation, Sophie said. Youll find evidence they are watching you.Langdon felt his exigency rising. Look in my bag? It sounded like some kind of cheap magic trick.Just look.Bewildered, Langdon reached his hand into his tweed jacke ts left pocket one he never used. Feeling around inside, he found nothing. What the devil did you expect? He began enquire if Sophie might just be insane after all. Then his fingers brushed something unexpected. lowly and hard. Pinching the tiny object between his fingers, Langdon pulled it out and stared in astonishment. It was a metallic, button-shaped disk, about the sizing of a watch battery. He had never seen it before. What the ?GPS tracking dot, Sophie said. Continuously transmits its location to a Global Positioning System orbiter that DCPJ can monitor. We use them to monitor peoples locations. Its holy within two feet anywhere on the globe. They have you on an electronic leash. The operator who picked you up at the hotel slipped it inside your pocket before you left your room.Langdon flashed back to the hotel room his quick shower, getting dressed, the DCPJ agent politely holding out Langdons tweed covering as they left the room. Its cool outside, Mr.Langdon, the a gent had said. Spring in Paris is not all your song boasts.Langdon had thanked him and donned the jacket.Sophies olive gaze was keen. I didnt tell you about the tracking dot earlier because I didnt want you checking your pocket in front of Fache. He cant know youve found it.Langdon had no idea how to respond.They tagged you with GPS because they thought you might run. She paused. In fact, they hopedyou would run it would make their case stronger.why would I run Langdon demanded. Im innocent Fache feels otherwise. Angrily, Langdon stalk toward the trash receptacle to dispose of the tracking dot.No Sophie grabbed his arm and stopped him. Leave it in your pocket. If you throw it out, the signal will stop moving, and theyll know you found the dot. The only rationality Fache left you alone is because he can monitor where you are. If he thinks youve discovered what hes doing Sophie did not finish the thought. Instead, she pried the metallic disk from Langdons hand and slid it back into the pocket of his tweed coat. The dot stays with you. At least for the moment.Langdon felt lost. How the hell could Fache actually believe I killed Jacques SauniereHe has some fairly glib reasons to suspect you. Sophies expression was grim. There is a piece of evidence here that you have not yet seen. Fache has kept it guardedly hidden from you.Langdon could only stare.Do you yield the three lines of text that Sauniere wrote on the floor?Langdon nodded. The numbers and words were imprinted on Langdons mind.Sophies voice dropped to a whisper now. Unfortunately, what you saw was not the entire message. There was a after part line that Fache photographed and then wiped clean before you arrived.Although Langdon knew the soluble ink of a water line stylus could easily be wiped away, he could not imagine why Fache would cancel evidence.The last line of the message, Sophie said, was something Fache did not want you to know about. She paused. At least not until he was done with you.So phie produced a computing device printout of a photo from her sweater pocket and began unfolding it. Fache uploaded images of the crime scene to the cryptography Department earlier tonight in hopes we could figure out what Saunieres message was trying to say. This is a photo of the complete message. She handed the page to Langdon.Bewildered, Langdon looked at the image. The close-up photo revealed the glowing message on the parquet floor. The final line hit Langdon like a kick in the gut. 13-3-2-21-1-1-8-5 O, Draconian devil Oh, lame saint P. S.Find Robert Langdon