Will the Worlds Supply of Oil Run Out

You may have read that the worlds oil supply will run out in a few decades. In the early 80s, it was not uncommon to read that the supply of oil would be gone for all practical purposes in just a few years. Fortunately, these predictions werent accurate. But the notion that we will exhaust all the oil under the surface of the earth persists. There may well come a time when we no longer use oil remaining in the ground because of the impact of hydrocarbons on climate or because there are cheaper alternatives. Mistaken Assumptions Many predictions that we will run out of oil after a certain period of time are based on a flawed understanding of how the reserve supply of oil should be assessed. One typical way of making the assessment uses these factors: The number of barrels we can extract with existing technology.The number of barrels used worldwide in a year. The most naive way to make a prediction is to simply do the following calculation: Yrs. of oil left # of barrels available / # of barrels used in a year. So if there are 150 million barrels of oil in the ground and we use 10 million a year, this type of thinking would suggest that the oil supply will run out in 15 years. If the predictor realizes that with new drilling technology we can gain access to more oil, he will incorporate this into his estimate of #1 making a more optimistic prediction of when the oil will run out. If the predictor incorporates population growth and the fact that demand for oil per person often rises he will incorporate this into his estimate for #2 making a more pessimistic prediction. These predictions, however, are inherently flawed because they violate basic economic principles. We Will Never Run Out of Oil At least not in a physical sense. There will still be oil in the ground 10 years from now, and 50 years from now and 500 years from now. This will hold true no matter if you take a pessimistic or optimistic view about the amount of oil still available to be extracted. Lets suppose that the supply really is quite limited. What will happen as the supply starts to diminish? First, expect to see some wells run dry and either be replaced with new wells that have higher associated costs or not be replaced at all. Either of these would cause the price at the pump to rise. When the price of gasoline rises, people naturally buy less of it; the amount of this reduction being determined by the amount of the price increase and the consumers elasticity of demand for gasoline. This does not necessarily mean that people will drive less (though it is likely), it may mean that consumers trade in their SUVs for smaller cars, hybrid vehicles, electric cars or cars that run on alternative fuels. Each co nsumer will react to the price change differently, so we would expect to see everything from more people bicycling to work to used car lots full of Lincoln Navigators. If we go back to Economics 101, this effect is clearly visible. The continual reduction of the supply of oil is represented by a series of small shifts of the supply curve to the left and an associated move along the demand curve. Since gasoline is a normal good, Economics 101 tells us that we will have a series of price increases and a series of reductions in the total amount of gasoline consumed. Eventually, the price will reach a point where gasoline will become a niche good purchased by very few consumers, while other consumers will have found alternatives to gas. When this happens there will still be plenty of oil in the ground, but consumers will have found alternatives that make more economic sense to them, so there will be little if any, demand for gasoline. Should the Government Be Spending More Money on Fuel Cell Research? Not necessarily. There already exists plenty of alternatives to the standard internal combustion engine. With gasoline less than $2.00 a gallon in most areas of the United States, electric cars are not very popular. If the price were significantly higher, say $4.00 or $6.00, wed expect to see quite a few electric cars on the road. Hybrid cars, while not a strict alternative to the internal combustion engine, would reduce the demand for gasoline as these vehicles can get twice the mileage of many comparable cars. Advances in these technologies, making electric and hybrid cars cheaper to produce and more useful, may make fuel cell technology unnecessary. Keep in mind that as the price of gasoline rises, the car manufacturers will have an incentive to develop cars which run on less expensive alternative fuels in order to win the business of consumers fed up with high gas prices. An expensive government program in alternative fuels and fuel cells seems unnecessary. How Will This Effect The Economy? When a useful commodity, such as gasoline, becomes scarce, there is always a cost to the economy, just as there would be a benefit to the economy if we discovered a limitless form of energy. This is because the value of the economy is roughly measured by the value of the goods and services it produces. Remember that barring any unforeseen tragedy or deliberate measure to limit the supply of oil, the supply will not drop suddenly, meaning that the price will not rise suddenly. The 1970s were much different because we saw a sudden and significant drop in the amount of oil on the world market due to a cartel of oil-producing nations deliberately cutting back on production in order to raise the world price. This is quite a bit different than a slow natural decline in the supply of oil due to depletion. So unlike the 1970s, we should not expect to see large lines at the pump and large overnight price increases. This is assuming that the government does not try to fix the problem of declining oil supply by rationing. Given what the 1970s taught us, this would be very unlikely. In conclusion, if markets are allowed to function freely the supply of oil will never run out, in a physical sense, though its quite likely that in the future gasoline will become a niche commodity. Changes in consumer patterns and the emergence of new technology driven by increases in the price of oil will prevent the oil supply from ever physically running out. While predicting doomsday scenarios may be a good way to get people to know your name, they are a very poor predictor of what is likely to happen in the future.

Urban Industrial Consumerism Between 1920 And 1929

Urban industrial consumerism between 1920 and 1929 collapsed in the Great Depression, but created a framework for a Consumer Recovery between 1941 and 1961. In the early twentieth century United States began to dominate the world s economy. Wealthy industrial nation, rich in many natural resources such as coal, wood, iron, and oil, was able to maintain strong industries just as railway, mining, and manufacturing. Events like World War I, devastating for the most of European countries, helped to boost US economy mainly because of providing war materials such as ammunition, weapons, and food supplies.[AE: Wilson]. The global war transformed the United States into an international creditor and increased both government spending and revenue. 1920s for the most of nations was the time of the postwar recession, accompanied by attempts to rebuild the devastated states. For United States it was the time of the great prosperity. The development of technology, new machine tools, and interchangeable parts allowed to produce goods on a larger scale much quicker and cheaper than ever before. A huge impact on the boom of so called mass production had invention of the assembly line. â€Å"Henry Ford the founder of the Ford Motor Company had a great vision, to create a motor car for the great multitude. Thanks to the invention of the automotive assembly line his dream came true and many middle-class Americans could afford to buy an automobile. The cheaper production of cars increasedShow MoreRelatedUrban Industrial Consumerism Between 1920 And 19291710 Words   |  7 Pages[introduction]Urban industrial consumerism between 1920 and 1929 collapsed in the Great Depression, but created a framework for a Consumer Recovery between 19 41 and 1961. In the early twentieth century the United States began to dominate the world s economy. The US was a wealthy industrial nation, rich in many natural resources such as coal, wood, iron, and oil, and was able to maintain strong industries just as railway, mining, and manufacturing. Events like World War I (1914-1918), devastatingRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1920 S1706 Words   |  7 PagesAt the beginning of the 1920’s, the United States was beginning to recover the economy now that World War I was over. During this decade, America became the richest nation in the world. The 1920’s, also referred to as the roaring twenties, was a period of dramatic and social change. More Americans during this era lived in the city rather than on a farm. The nation’s wealth doubled throughout the roaring twenties, and lead the Stock Market Crash of 1929 where the Great Depression followed after thisRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties : Decade Of Transition And Transformation176 5 Words   |  8 PagesThe Roaring Twenties: Decade of Transition and Transformation The 1920s or The Roaring Twenties played an important role in American History. It’s past and future experienced a dramatic change, because of how entrenched america was physiologically and culturally, but in the 1920s it seemed to break its evocative attachments to the recent past and escort in a more modern era. The most scintillating impressions of that era are flappers and dance halls, movie palaces and radio empires, and ProhibitionRead MoreReview of ‚Äà ²Dressed to Kill: Consumption, Style and the Gangster (Ruth, 1996)‚Äà ´2868 Words   |  12 Pagesattitudes, into the American society during the 1920s had a significant impact and influence on people’s society and culture. The public enemy, defined by business organisation, violent criminality and stylish consumption, was deployed by many Americans during the development of a new consumer society. The gangster was introduced and became a fascination to Americans at the peak of development of the new consumer society. Within this new society, consumerism had increased dramatically, when easy creditRead MoreThe Way Of Life Before World War I2166 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the Industrial Revolution, or time before WWI, people all over the country worked, not only men but also boys, because â€Å"the Industrial Revolution transitioned the United States from a rural to an urban society† (The Industrial Revolution in the United States, 2014). They worked long hours and had low pay. According to statistics, â€Å"most workers in the worked over 10-hour a day, yet earned between 20 to 40 percent less than the minimum pay necessary for a decent life† (The Industrial RevolutionRead MoreHow Did The Rise Of Mass Production Transform The Role Of The United?2721 Words   |  11 Pagesleading economic superpower it remains today. Following the turbulent economic climate o f the country following World War I, the development of mass production not only revolutionised the industrial sphere, but also remains widely accredited for being the key driving force behind the economic boom in the 1920s. Existing social values were reformed; free-market capitalist practices were endorsed, and American society aspired to ideals of excessive material wealth and excess. A revolution of mass consumption’Read MoreEssay about History: World War I and Bold Experiments7600 Words   |  31 Pagesof ­Industrialization, ­1877–1929 This part covers the following chapters in Henretta et al., America’s History, Seventh Edition: Chapter ­17 ­ The Busy Hive: Industrial America at Work, 1877–1911 Chapter 18 The Victorians Meet the Modern, 1880–1917 Chapter 19 â€Å"Civilization’s Inferno†: The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880 –1917 Chapter 20 Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880 –1917 Chapter 21 An Emerging World Power, 1877–1918 Chapter 22 Wrestling with Modernity, 1918 –1929 Part 5 Read MoreWhy Did Stalin Launch The Five Year Plans During The Late 1920s?2579 Words   |  11 PagesWhy did Stalin launch the Five Year Plans in the late 1920s? The Bolsheviks believed they had to industrialise to achieve national strength and maintain independence. This was a shared view of non-Bolshevik predecessors such as Count Sergei Witte a former Russian minister. The Soviet Union needed a modern industry, especially a heavy industry, as there was the idea that they had to defend the revolution. They believed the Russian revolution was in constant danger from capitalist countries, whichRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesHISTORY -2012 Topic one – USA 1919-1941 Topic two – conflict in the pacific Topic three – Douglas MacArthur Topic Four – World War I TOPIC ONE – USA 1919-1941 USA 1920’S * the radio age * felt like istory had turned a corner and never going back * stock market * black Thursday November 24 1929 * the jazz age * a speakeasyyyyyyy How significant were the Republican policies in causing the great depression? The significance of the republic policies were greatRead MoreEssay on A.P.U.S.H unit 6 study guide4910 Words   |  20 Pageslate-nineteenth-century technological innovations in communications, office productivity, and ocean transportation? spatial evolution of economic systems and associated technical developments. It is possible to summarize this evolution, from the pre-industrial era to transportation in the early 21st century, 2 What developments allowed the widespread use of electricity as a source of light and power to become commonplace by the turn of the century? Developments with renewable energy and electricity Urban Industrial Consumerism Between 1920 And 1929 [introduction]Urban industrial consumerism between 1920 and 1929 collapsed in the Great Depression, but created a framework for a Consumer Recovery between 1941 and 1961. In the early twentieth century the United States began to dominate the world s economy. The US was a wealthy industrial nation, rich in many natural resources such as coal, wood, iron, and oil, and was able to maintain strong industries just as railway, mining, and manufacturing. Events like World War I (1914-1918), devastating for most European countries, helped to boost the US economy mainly because of providing war materials such as ammunition, weapons, and food supplies.[AE: Wilson]. The global war transformed the United States into an international creditor and increased both government spending and revenue. During the 1920s for most countries were experiencing time of the postwar recession, accompanied by attempts to rebuild themselves. For United States it was the time of great prosperity and economic boom. The development of technology, new machine tools, and interchangeable parts allowed to produce goods on a larger scale much quicker and cheaper than ever before. A huge impact on the boom of so called mass production was the invention of the assembly line. â€Å"Henry Ford the founder of the Ford Motor Company had a great vision, to create a motor car for the great multitude. (Reference) Thanks to the invention of the automotive assembly line his dream came true and many middle-class AmericansShow MoreRelatedUrban Industrial Consumerism Between 1920 And 19291443 Words   |  6 PagesUrban industrial consumerism between 1920 and 1929 collapsed in the Great Depression, but created a framework for a Consumer Recovery between 1941 and 1961. In the early twentieth century United States began to dominate the world s economy. Wealthy industrial nation, rich in many natural resources such as coal, wood, iron, and oil, was able to maintain strong industries just as railway, mining, and manufacturing. 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Within this new society, consumerism had increased dramatically, when easy creditRead MoreThe Way Of Life Before World War I2166 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the Industrial Revolution, or time before WWI, people all over the country worked, not only men but also boys, because â€Å"the Industrial Revolution transitioned the United States from a rural to an urban society† (The Industrial Revolution in the United States, 2014). They worked long hours and had low pay. According to statistics, â€Å"most workers in the worked over 10-hour a day, yet earned between 20 to 40 percent less than the minimum pay necessary for a decent life† (The Industrial RevolutionRead MoreHow Did The Rise Of Mass Production Transform The Role Of The United?2721 Words   |  11 Pagesleading economic superpower it remains today. 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Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880 –1917 Chapter 21 An Emerging World Power, 1877–1918 Chapter 22 Wrestling with Modernity, 1918 –1929 Part 5 Read MoreWhy Did Stalin Launch The Five Year Plans During The Late 1920s?2579 Words   |  11 PagesWhy did Stalin launch the Five Year Plans in the late 1920s? The Bolsheviks believed they had to industrialise to achieve national strength and maintain independence. This was a shared view of non-Bolshevik predecessors such as Count Sergei Witte a former Russian minister. The Soviet Union needed a modern industry, especially a heavy industry, as there was the idea that they had to defend the revolution. 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PERSONALITY, ATTITUDES AND JOB PERFORMANCE - 1021 Words

Brainstorming Danika George BU105 W15 Section 7 Management Principles Dwayne Payne March 29, 2015 Miller-Motte College Online Programs I will be writing my paper on personality, attitudes, and job performance. This subject(s) caught my eye because I am currently working in a job (field) where I deal with people every day. We all have different personalities and attitudes and we all have to learn how to deal with them if we are going to manage or work in these types of environments. Also, we have to be satisfied with our jobs to have good job performance. Studies show that the number of people who are satisfied with their jobs is currently declining because people are not enjoying their jobs. So, I will write my paper on†¦show more content†¦An attitude survey is a test or survey on the feelings of a population on a specific product, or company. These surveys can be useful for recognizing markets, and learning what demographics a company needs to concentrate on to uphold or increase sales, and measuring the market effect of announcements or events. Consistency is looked for more among attitudes and behavior. Job satisfaction consists of how the employee feels about their job. When other people talk about employee attitudes, they are linking this with job satisfaction. Job Involvement and Organization Commitment are similar because they are the gradation to which an employee relates with their job. The only difference is that job involvement is the degree to which an employee relates with their job, actively participates in it, and considers their job performance to be important to their pride and organization promise is the degree to which an employee relates with their job and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in that organization. Employee Engagement is when managers want their employees to be connected to, satisfied with, and enthusiastic about their goals. Self-esteem is part of adjustment. Locus of control is part of conscientiousness. Introversion and extraversion are part of sociability. Dogmatism and authoritarianism are part of intellectual openness. Traits are continua. People may be high, low, or in-between. Most people are in-between. Attitudes do not

A Study on the Affect of Music on Patients - 1666 Words

Critical Analysis of Nominated Literature: Lee-Chen Chen and his colleagues conducted a study on how music intervention or therapy lessens pre-radiotherapy anxiety in oncology patients through a fifteen-minute procedure. The purpose of the research was to examine the impact of music therapy and intervention on lessening pre-radiotherapy anxiety in these patients. The researchers carried out their study because of the tendency by oncology patients to react to radiation treatment with anxiety that is expressed in different forms such as frustration, fear, depression, and stress. Based on its findings, the study provides necessary insights regarding interventions that could help in decreasing anxiety levels among these patients as they undergo the treatment procedure. However, the study also raises some critical questions and concerns that are helpful in critiquing it and informing future studies. Background of the Study: The health issue under examination is this study is psychological distress among cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The researchers examine this health issue because oncology patients usually respond to diagnosis and treatment through emotional expressions or symptoms in the form of anxiety. Some of the most commonly expressed forms of anxiety include stress, depression, fear, and frustration (Chen, Wang, Shih Wu, 2013, p.436). While these researchers focus on how music therapy helps to lessen this anxiety, they do not demonstrate how it isShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Pain1089 Words   |  5 Pages A., Vivilaki, V. G., Lykeridou, K. (2012). Does music reduce postoperative pain? A review. Health Science Journal, 6(3), 365-377. Retrieved from EBSCO CINAHL with Full Text database. PICO Question In post surgical patients, how does music therapy, compared to no music therapy, affect pain levels during hospitalization time. Study Purpose To study the affect of music therapy on pain, if there is a difference, present for post surgical patients. It has been known that pain is one of the biggestRead MoreEffectiveness of Music Therapy Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesMusic is composed of sounds intertwined with melody and rhythm that can have powerful effects on a person. It can help people focus on tasks or calm the mind. Research has shown that music has beneficial effects on the mind, body, and health of a person. A journal article by Rastogi, Solanki, and Zafar (2013) refers, on the contrary, to: ‘Controlled use of music and its influence on the human being in physiological, psychological, and emotional integration of the individual during treatment of anRead MoreMusic : Music And Brain Development1112 Words   |  5 PagesMusic and Brain Development Brenen E. Dapkiewicz Music and Brain Development Start by speaking the ABC’s. Within that process I have a decent feeling they were vocalized in song form; more than likely it sounded like Twinkle Twinkle. A well known melody from birth. Hearing music everywhere, tuned into our favorite station on the radio, throughout stores in the mall, or even the drumming to the tempo of the car’s turn signal in front of ours. As individuals, we have developed over time the senseRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effect On The Levels Of Anxiety And Stress1327 Words   |  6 PagesMusic therapy is the prescribed use of music credited by a profession to effect positive changes of an individual’s cognitive, psychological, physical, and or health problems.1 Music therapy involves interactions between the therapist, client, and music. There are many different forms of Music therapy, such as, group music therapy, music assisted relaxation, and receptive music therapy. Through musical elements such as rhythm, melody, and harmony the therapist and client can develop a relationshipRead MoreMusic Therapy And Stroke : Holly Zhuang1545 Words   |  7 Pages Music Therapy and Stroke Holly Zhuang Wilfrid Laurier University Abstract This Literary review examines the theme of how musical elements and different interventions in music therapy sessions positively impact post stroke patients. Also, how music therapy helps patients achieve their short term and long-term goals in rehabilitation with an interdisciplinary team. In this literary review there are five summaries of journal articles related to the benefits of music therapy for patientsRead MoreThe Effect of Music in Students775 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Music is an important and extremely useful tool in the way we learn and to deny its power is a waste of a truly wonderful resource† (Kristian David Olson). Many researches have shown that music can have an affect on a variety of different conditions, including; ones’ education, social connection, and mental healing. Educationally, music can prepare your brain for superior achievements. In effect, this can cause a better understanding of mathematics and language skills or abilities. Socially, musicRead MoreCan Music Therapy Improve Stress Anxiety1461 Words   |  6 PagesCan Music Therapy Improve Stress Anxiety In Patients? Music therapy is the prescribed use of music credited by a profession to effect positive changes of an individual’s cognitive, psychological, physical, and or health problems.1 Music therapy involves interactions between the therapist, client, and music.1 There are many different forms of music therapy, such as, group music therapy, music assisted relaxation, and receptive music therapy.2,3,4 Through musical elements such as rhythm, melody, andRead MoreMusic And Music Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of music is to touch hearts† (Johann Sebastian Bach). Music is a reflection of life, and feelings. Throughout the years music has played a very important part in every human culture, both past and present. The question is why, what does it do to people, and what makes music so special? In this essay I hope to answer these questions and explain just how music affects the brain and its benefits. Music affects the brain in many ways, but here are the three most important things music does to theRead MoreEffects Of Music On Health And Its Effects On The Human Body941 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Music on Health Through the history of humanity experts have found evidence that music was made since early years. Whether its social effect and the forced out at dances, rituals and festivities accompanying music has remained as inherent to the development of human history. Then there is the very evolution of music, its stages, its use as a distinctive cultural feature and make it seem infinite, so different in each region, age, culture, subculture, niche, layer, band, urban tribe, personRead MoreMusic Therapy For Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1587 Words   |  7 Pagesemotions, and controlling anger and anxiety. Music therapy can help those affected with PTSD and other anxiety disorders by helping them to create useful, healthy habits, and to express emotions in a safe way. Since music communicates deep emotions in various areas of the brain, including the hippocampus, it will be seen that music therapy is an effective tool in helping those with anxiety disorders to feel more normalized. (Koelsc h, 2010, pp. 313) Music Therapy in Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Academic Project free essay sample

Unborn Pig Fetus Dissection. That is my academic project which has shaped what I want to do with my life. I partook in this project my freshman year. I already knew that I wanted to go to Notre Dame, after high school, but throughout the year I had to deal with people asking me what I wanted to do when I grow up. And after pig dissection, I knew I wanted to be a surgeon. Towards the end of my freshman year my lab group and I were given an unborn pig fetus and a dissection booklet. My three partners and I had to follow the dissection instructions and show our teacher what we had done. This task was easier said than done. First, it was very hard to keep the other three dissectors on task. Second, dissection is a very difficult process. And third, we were under a lot of pressure. We will write a custom essay sample on Academic Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the end, I was able to rally my colleagues and we did a terrific job in pig dissection. I was able to surgically dissect each part of the pig and turn them in within the strict deadline. This project was a lot of fun and taught me about myself. Before this I had barely considered a medical career something I could enjoy, but this experience helped me decide that I would love a job as a surgeon. I had a real knack for the dissection and feel that I could make a great surgeon. I realize that there is a huge difference between a living human and a dead pig, but I strongly believe that I could perform the difficulties that I will face as a doctor. In fact, I enjoyed the pig dissection project so much, that this year, as a senior, I am enrolled in Advanced Placement Biology, where I will dissect a cat! During the same time my mother fell ill, and after being sick for two years doctors were finally able to diagnose her with gluten intolerance. While she was ill, I would have to take care of her, and since she was unable to drive, I would have to stay home. I took care of my siblings during this time and had a lot of time to spend at home doing school work. After she was diagnosed her with gluten intolerance she immediately became much better. This doctor made a large impact on my life and less selfishly, my mother’s life as well. Seeing how one doctor could make a difference in many people’s lives inspired me to follow this path and help ease the pain and suffering of others. These two events took place simultaneously in my life, and have helped me mature and grow. I feel that I can take charge of any situation and perform under pressure. To me, being able to save lives is the greatest work anyone can do. And with my determination and intelligence, I believe that I c an become a doctor and help people.

Compare and Contrast the Gilded Six Bits and the Passing of Grandson Essay Example For Students

Compare and Contrast the Gilded Six Bits and the Passing of Grandson Essay Everything is not always what it appears to be. This theme is most closely related to the short stories The Gilded Six Bits by Zora Neale Hurston and The Passing of Grandison by Charles Waddell Chesnutt. The Passing of Grandison is about a slaveholders son who plots to free one of his fathers slaves. The slave outwits the slaveholders son by not escaping with the opportunities of solitary he was given, but he rather reaches out for help and concocts a plan to help him free not only just himself but his entire family. Distinctive in context but identical in theme, The Gilded Six Bits is about a man who has a great relationship with his wife and one day discovers her in bed with a man who wore a lot of gold jewelry. When he asks her why she did it she tells him that she was promised a solid gold coin in return for her services. As it turns out the coin that the man gave his wife was gold plated and worth a little more that fifty cents. In both the stories the readers get to witness the faades displayed by the deceitful characters. The stories are very similar in theme yet are distinct in many ways. The authors of the stories The Passing of Grandison and The Gilded Six Bits both use characterization, point of view and plot to effectively prove theme. In both stories The Passing of Grandison and The Gilded Six Bits the authors use allegory to develop theme. For example, in The Gilded Six Bits Missie Mays character represents deceitfulness, parallel to that of Grandison in The Passing of Grandison. This parallel relationship is in contrast to their character oppositions who represent two separate character traits. In The Passing of Grandison Grandison deceives his slave master Dick Owens. While in the north Dick makes references the Grandison should mingle with the free blacks and Grandison joins in saying, Dey lows dey re free, but dey ain got sense nuff ter know dey ain half as well off as dey would be down Souf, whar dey d be preciated(Chesnutt 618). Grandison did not actually possess the feelings that he portrayed throughout this dialogue which proved him to be a deceitful character. In the Gilded six bits Missy May had an affair with a man whom throughout the story she stated did not interest her. When having a conversation with her husband about the man she states, Hell do in case of a rush (Hurston 1036). Missy May was being less that truthful with her husband during this conversation because her actions later proved otherwise. In The Passing of Grandison Dick Owens was deceived and in The Gilded Six Bits Joe was deceived. On the contrary to The Gilded Six Bits protagonist Joe who is completely innocent, Dick Owens is a slaveholder who is betraying his father by attempting to release one of his slaves. This contrast places the readers support on different characters types. In The Passing of Grandison the deceitful character is indeed the protagonist but in The Gilded Six Bits the reader is more likely to support the non-deceitful protagonist Joe. Chesnutt gave the readers a unique view into what a protagonist is and proved that lies and deception can be done of the greater good. Both authors use third person point of view to develop the theme. If the reader had knowledge of the thoughts of Grandison the revelation of the theme would have been premature, ultimately ruining the climax of the story. If the reader had known what Missie May was doing behind her husbands back the climax would have been less of an epiphany for it would have been anticipated. When Missie May says Us might find some goin long de road some time. Us could (Hurston 1036). It is a subtle foreshadowing technique that goes unnoticed without previous knowledge of the climax. .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 , .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .postImageUrl , .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 , .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37:hover , .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37:visited , .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37:active { border:0!important; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37:active , .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37 .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f34af3d90c922090912c2e05b7ecd37:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the Portrayal of Alison's character EssayIf the reader had insight into what Missie May was thinking, It would have revealed Missie Mays true character type making the epiphany premature. In The Passing of Grandison, while wandering free in the north Grandison is confronted by abolishonish and when asked about his encounter her says, dese yer abolitioners is jes pesterin de life out er me tryin ter git me ter run away. I don pay no tention ter em (Chesnutt 619). If the readers had insight into what actually occurred during Grandsons interaction with the abolitionists, the readers would have known his true intentions. Point of view spared the readers insight into vital parts of the story that occurred ex parte. By keeping the readers blind, the authors allow us to be stunned later in the story. In both stories the authors use plot to establish a solid theme. For example, In The Passing of Grandison The climax is when Grandison escapes and it reveals his true character. This is a major turning point in the story when the theme fully unfolds. Near the end of the story the author reveals, One Monday morning Grandison was missing. And not only Grandison, but his wife, Betty the maid; his mother, aunt Eunice; his father, uncle Ike; his brothers, Tom and John, and his little sister Elsie, were likewise absent from the plantation (Chesnutt 623). This point in the story is the shock factor, which delivers an epiphany to the non-expecting readers. In The Gilded Six Bits the similar effect was provided when Joe discovered Missy May in Bed with Slemmons. This incident comes as a full surprise to the readers due to the conflicting dialogue provided by Missy May throughout the story. Prior to the discovery in the story in reference to Slemmons Missy May states, Ah dont see whut de womens see on im. Ah wouldnt give im a wink if de sheriff wuz after im (Hurston 1036). Missy is stating to her husband that she is not attracted to Slemmons and refuses to give him the time of day; but her actions later proved that she was being untruthful when she had this dialogue with her husband. These turning points shaped the entire theme, exposing the characters for who they really are. The theme in the stories appears to be clear and concise but the elements that shape them are the driving force for the entire ordeal. The deceitful characters fooled the readers with their innocent faades and conflicting dialogue leaving the readers unsuspecting of their true character. The theme of the stories seem to hit home with a lot of readers who have been in similar circumstances which allows readers to relate to the characters. Hurston and Chesnutt composed two separate stories with distinguishing conflicts but united them with a theme that shocked many readers. The shock factor in the plots, the similar character types, and the point of view illustrated all contributed to the execution of the storys theme.