The Reality free essay sample

Living in the south there seems to be a certain code of conduct. You listen to country music, drink ice tea, talk with the Texan drawl, and go to church every Sunday. Though this stereotypical definition does not encompass everyone, it does describe many people I know. Like any good southern girl I love sweet tea and southern accents. The occasional country song will play in my head for days. However. I do not frequent churches on Sundays. Now you must understand that I am a very private person. I trust very few people with my views and these people accept my non-religious views. However, one unexpected day, while sitting in the floor of the schools bland lecture hall, the beliefs of those around me came into view. I sat whispering conspiratorially with my best friend of eleven years as we searched the road map for a hidden town. A third member of the group, a short curly haired girl in the grade above me, jutted down our findings. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They began to talk about their god and plans for church this week. As they talked my friend did not bat an eye; she falls under the category of those who go to church every Wednesday and Sunday. Suddenly realizing my silence, the girl turned to me. â€Å"Well don’t you believe in him?† I felt like caving in on myself. I had not prepared myself this morning before school for someone to judge me for the way I am. Why would I? I sucked in a gulp of air and attempted to reply calmly. â€Å"No, I’m not a religious person.† This seemed so absurd to the girl she looked as if she would soon start yelling, how do you not believe? You don’t think God exist? Seeing the girl poised for attack, my friend readied herself to swoop in and save me, but I motioned to her I could handle this. The girl proceeded to do just as I expected, and I took my time to give her calm respectful answers. I explained that I would prefer not to have this debate. She, however, remained persistent. Then she proceeded to tell me, â€Å"You should talk to my preacher! He can help you!† This nearly knocked me out of my seat. Never before had someone talked to me like a broken thing in need of fixing. As if realizing something else she turned to my friend and exclaimed, â€Å"How can you be friends when you believe different things?† Like the first breath I had taken in a week my friend took my hand and smiled at me. She looked calmly at the girl and explained that though we have different views we accept each other for who we truly are. We may not be the same, but that was not enough to tear us apart. Through the savior of my friend I found my voice and thanked the other girl as she gave me the name of her preacher. With one last squeeze of the hand and my friend separated and sought out our seats. After I got home, the thought of the girl was grinding in to my mind. I could not believe how harshly she tried to discount my thoughts when I had done nothing of the sort to her! My anger grew until in an almost epiphany moment I realized the girl was not attempting to be rude. She was not accustomed to dealing with people with a different thought process. People like my friend, however, exist to help diversity grow. I learned that the reality o f the world is not everyone will understand, but I cannot shut down and get angry at them. You have to take the good with the bad and hope that everyone will accept you as you accept them. In the end, I am still the ice tea drinking, southern drawling, country music girl who knows being different is a blessing not a curse.

The Best AP US Government Notes to Study With

The Best AP US Government Notes to Study With SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As a high schooler, you're undoubtedly on the verge of participating in the democratic process. It's a great time to learn more about the structure and history of our government and how politics actually work. You're probably taking notes in your AP class based on your teacher's lectures and the information in your textbook, but it can be nice to have all the information you need in one place. This article will give you links to notes on every topic in the AP US Government curriculum along with a few tips on how to study effectively. How to Use These AP Government Notes These notes may be used throughout the year if you’re looking for materials to help you review for in-class tests.They can also be used cumulatively as study resources for the AP test.It’s a smart idea to supplement the notes in this article with more detailed notes from your class or a review book.You may find that your review book or textbook outlines certain topics more clearly or contains a more consolidated list of key concepts. If you’re using these notes to prepare directly for the final AP exam, I’d recommend taking a full (accurately timed) practice test before reviewing them.You can then decide which topics to target based on where you made the most mistakes on the practice test. It’s more efficient to do things this way rather than reading through all the notes indiscriminately.It’s also nice to get used to the format of the test questions and the timing of the test before you get too far into your studying.You may discover that you have more issues with timing or question wording than with content knowledge, in which case you’ll want to focus on doing additional practice questions. AP US Government Notes The exam covers six main topics, each of which has several major subtopics.The AP Govnotes below come from a site called CourseNotes, and their titles are based on the corresponding chapters of the American Government 11th edition textbook.These notes have practice questions that go along with them at the end, which can be used to help you retain the information after you read through it.You can also look at these detailed political timelines from CourseNotes to put all these concepts in context and see how they’ve impacted American history. The vocabulary lists and the links to important documents at the end of this section both come from the APStudyNotes website. Topic #1: Constitutional Underpinnings of the US Government Vocabulary Chapter 1: Constitutional Democracy Chapter 2: The Living Constitution Chapter 3: American Federalism Notes The Study of American Government The Constitution Federalism Topic #2: Political Beliefs and Behaviors Vocabulary Chapter 4: Political Culture and Ideology Chapter 5: The American Political Landscape Notes American Political Culture Who Governs? To What Ends? Topic #3: Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media Vocabulary Chapter 6: Interest Groups Chapter 7: Political Parties Chapter 8: Public Opinion, Participation, And Voting Chapter 9: Campaigns and Elections Chapter 10: The Media and American Politics Notes Public Opinion Political Participation Political Parties American Independent Party American Party Anti-Masonic Party Constitutional Union Party Democratic Party Democratic-Republican Party Federalist Party Free-Soil Party Greenback-Labor Party Libertarian Party Liberty Party National Republican Party People's Party Progressive Party Reform Party Republican Party Socialist Party Whig Party Elections and Campaigns Interest Groups The Media Topic #4: Institutions of National Government Vocabulary Chapter 11: Congress Chapter 12: The Presidency Chapter 13: The Federal Administrative System Chapter 14: The Judiciary Notes Congress The Presidency The Bureaucracy The Judiciary(Briefs on major Supreme Court cases can be found here) Topic #5: Public Policy Vocabulary Chapter 18: Making Economic and Regulatory Policy Chapter 19: Making Social Policy Chapter 20: Making Foreign and Defense Policy Notes The Policy-Making Process Economic Policy Social Welfare Foreign and Military Policy Environmental Policy Topic #6: Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Vocabulary Chapter 15: First Amendment Freedoms Chapter 16: Rights to Life, Liberty, and Property Chapter 17: Equal Rights under the Law Notes Civil Liberties Civil Rights Important Documents Declaration of Independence Constitution Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10) Constitutional Amendments 11-27 These documents are love letters to democracy that show the founding fathers' devotion to political equality for all citizens (i.e. white dudes with property...sigh...). AP US Government Study Strategies Here are a few helpful tips to keep in mind as you look through these AP Government notes. Tailoring your study strategies to the structure of the curriculum and the format of test questions is the first step towards earning a high AP score! Practice Writing Clear, Direct Free-Response Answers US Government is one of the more technical humanities subjects, so the free-response questions have multiple parts that only require short answers. In most cases, ifyou give a valid example or definition and a short explanation, you’ll earn points.There’s no reason to pad your answers with unnecessary fluff or write them in essay format.Make sure you review plenty of free-response questions and scoring guidelines to get a better idea of what’s expected on the test in comparison to, say, a history or literature AP exam.You can find a list of AP US Government free-response questions and score guidelines here. Know the Most Prevalent Acts and Court Cases There are a number of importantcourt cases and legislative acts that have dramatically shaped US politics over the years.Make sure you understand the most prominent of these before you take the test.They will come up often in both sections.Even if free-response questions don’t ask about them directly, you may need to use these acts or court cases as supporting examples for other responses.It’s good to have a mental library of the most significant legislative and judiciary milestones in the history of the US that you can access at any point during the test.I’d recommend making flashcards for all the acts and cases you need to remember. Pay Special Attention to Congress and the Presidency Questions on Congress and the Presidency make up about a third of the test.You should know the composition of each branch of government, its powers, and changes to its role over time.You should also understand the ins and outs of election processes and have a detailed knowledge of how the legislature goes about drafting and passing laws. Memorize Definitions of Key Terms This is another area where flashcards might come in handy.You can use all the vocabulary lists I included in the notes as references, or you might have your own vocabulary lists from class or a review book.You’ll find that many questions are based on your knowledge of definitions.Sometimes, parts of free-response questions will just ask you to define terms.You’ll have a much easier time on the test if all the definitions are securely stored in the back of your mind. Flashcards will help you come up with a lightning flash of memory after the thunderclap of a tough test question. Conclusion: Using AP Government Notes Effectively Notes for AP US Government cover six major topic areas that encompass a wide range of concepts. These topics include: Constitutional Underpinnings of the Government Political Beliefs and Behaviors Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media Institutions of National Government Public Policy Civil Rights and Civil Liberties You can use the AP Gov notes in this article to review for in-class assessments throughout the year and in making final preparations for the AP test. The best way to review is to take a full practice test first so you can assess your areas of weakness and focus in on those topics. I'd also recommend keeping the following pieces of advice in mind as you study: Practice Writing Clear, Direct Free-Response Answers Know the Most Prevalent Acts and Court Cases Pay Special Attention to Congress and the Presidency Memorize Definitions of Key Terms Provided you avoid cramming and study the notes selectively, you'll be on the right track towards a stellar performance on the final exam. What's Next? Not totally sure how to begin studying for the AP test? Take a look at our five-step plan that will walk you through it.If you happen to be self-studying for the exam,you can also check out our seven-step plan custom-made for your situation. High-quality practice tests are important if you want to make the best use of these notes.Learn how you can find the best AP practice tests out there to supplement your studying. Are you still planning out the rest of your high school schedule? Find out how many AP classes you should take in total considering your goals for college and the offerings at your school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Theory & Practice in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory & Practice in Management - Essay Example This is due to cultural diversity that can be well explained by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions which include individualism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance index etc (Hofstede, 2005 p 26). This essay is an evaluation of the various roles of a manager and their importance to organizations. As a manger, one is entrusted with various roles which are meant to enhance the progress and smooth running of a business thus facilitating a favorable environment for business progress as well as harmonizing business operations (Pareek, 2000 p 12). The roles include for example supervising and managing staff. In every department in an organization, there must be someone in charge of ensuring that employees perform their responsibilities according to their job description. This is due to the fact that there are those employees who cannot perform unless there is someone senior supervising them (Pareek, 2000 p 20). If this is not done, the organization would lose a lot in terms of time due to the reluctance of the staff to deliver the expected results within the required time frames. In this context, the manager has the responsibility of ensuring that any staff that shows indiscipline is punished according to the organization’s ethics code. The manager also has the responsibility of assigning duties to the various employees so as to ensure that they do not stay idle at any one time (Christiansen, 2002 p 30). He also has the authority of hiring and firing staff depending on there is need to reduce or increase their number may be due to the increase or reduction of the amount of work. This ensures there is a balance between income and expenditure which correlates highly with production. A manager also has the role of advising his employer on the various strategies that can be made to increase production and standards of goods and services. As such, he is an agent of change (Pareek, 2000 p 32).

Marketing, Entertainment Business Management Essay

Marketing, Entertainment Business Management - Essay Example Our competitors are the other independent labels showcasing group band music. Nevertheless, we believe that by concentrating on San Francisco bands we will gain a reputation of releasing the best artists in this genre and help the Bay Area gain a reputation for this style of music. We will price our CDs at 10 percent below the prices of the major distribution companies such as Universal Records. This will be our strategy in order to penetrate the market and gain exposure among our youth target consumers who are generally price sensitive. We plan to initially sign three bands in our first month of operations. We plan to market the first CD release by gradually expanding distribution in the Bay Area region for at least 3 straight months, or until our three bands’ sales, publicity and promotional activities have been coordinated. We plan to build our business in the initial year to earn around $100,000 in annual revenues. Our music distribution company  strives to be the market leader in providing  talent management services to new and independent bands in San Francisco. Our goal is to make the connection between the independent band talents in San Francisco and the fans, increasing the talents’ visibility and earnings with CD or individual track sales. Our goal is to discover independent band talents in San Francisco. We will approach bands who have the potential to become successful artists, by offering our music distribution services to them. Our plan is to grow the company in the first 2 years to bring in around $100,000 in yearly sales by the end of our second year in business. We will reach our target customers of late teens to early twenties, who prefer band music, by distributing the CD records through smaller record distributors and music retailers. Our main goal is to discover independent band group talents in San Francisco by scouting at local shows and performances by musicians, and the Internet such as You Tube and My Space. We will approach

Personality profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Personality profile - Essay Example Personality and especially that of a personal profile is a very wide. Wide because it touches all the relations to social, economic and political phenomenon that defines everybody’s way of conduct. For the purpose of this case, I will particularly center my personality focus on my career at the present and in the future and shade some light on who I am. A number of tests are also very instrument in the whole evaluation process and I don’t hesitate into taking any that ensures complete understanding of myself is done in a very competed and efficient way. There are a number of tests that are used in self discovery. As the methods differ according to the angle of approach of what you want to figure out, I decided to take a test a Big five test. This test mostly centralizes its analysis on 5 major areas that define and model a complete human. As per the test, my emotional stability score was high above average at 74% percentile. My ability to remain as calm as possible even when am tensed is something my family can attest of. This has been my feature since when I started understanding things around me. I will not go on tearing books because I have scored low in a physical science class or go throwing things around because simply things have not been as I wanted them to be at home. I hold and have control of my emotions. This has been very instrumental in my relationships with people whom have had a chance to be close to me. This though does not imply that you go on stepping on my foot intentionally and unapologetically. In that case I will squarely handle you as the law demands. My inquisitiveness nature, which scored a 84% percentile, amazes me personally. Severally I have heard my mother say that she has never seen an inquisitive child like. When it comes to curiosity, I do not bother whether it kills the cat or not. I will ask anything as long as I have no clue of what actually it is. For clarity, my enquiries have

Matters Of National Interests And Security Politics Essay

Matters Of National Interests And Security Politics Essay In a very generic sense, national interests are that which is deemed by a particular state to be a . . . desirable goal. The attainment of this goal is something that the identifying state believes will have a positive impact on itself. Realization of the interest could enhance the political, economic, security, environmental, and/or moral well-being of a populace and the state or national enterprise to which they belong.  [2]  This holds true within the territory of the state, as well as in any external relations that the state may undertake outside of the administrative control of that state.  [3]   Interests serve as the foundation and guiding direction for the formulation of policy. For a nation-state, there is more often than not a direct correlation between the nations interests and foreign policy. In most cases, statesmen think and act in terms of interest.  [4]  Those interests believed to be the most significant for the attainment of a policy objective (the states wants and needs)  [5]  will earn the greatest amount of emphasis during the policy formulation process. They should be designed to tell the policymaker why and how much he should care about an issue. Interests help determine what kind and how much attention should be given to both challenges or threats and opportunities. They also assist the policymaker in identifying key issues during the policy formulation process. Some political scientists, like Hans Morgenthau, believe that national interests are permanent features of the international system. Regardless of what government is in power, the interests of a nation-state remain fixed components of the policymaking process. They are unaffected by the circumstances of time and place.  [6]   Morgenthau, himself, indicates that the key concept of interest is not to be defined with a meaning that is fixed once and for all.  [7]  Morgenthau believed the generic concept of interest was unchanging in terms of its importance to the international system. But this did not mean that individual interests could not be adjusted or newly created in order to take into account changes in the international system. Other theorists have argued that interests are likely to be a diverse, pluralistic set of subjective preferences that change periodically, both in response to the domestic political process itself and in response to shifts in the international environment. The national interest therefore is more likely to be what the policymakers say it is at any particular time.  [8]  The underlying three basic interests are:- Security: Protection of the people (both home and abroad), territory, and institutions of the State against potential foreign dangers.  [9]  This has always included defense of the homeland. Domestically, it also includes protection of critical infrastructure such as energy, banking and finance, telecommunications, transportation, water systems, and cyber networks.  [10]   Economic Well-Being: Promotion of international trade and investment, including protection of a States private economic interests in foreign countries.  [11]   Democratic Values: Until the 20th century, this core interest was confined to ensuring that the domestic democratic process and associated values framed the traditional tenets of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Some states may include the promotion of democracy and human rights abroad.  [12]   Just as the development of national interests is complex, so is the actual application of interests in the policy and strategy formulation process. The importance of national interests to the process is significant, as described by Lord Palmerston, the British foreign minister in 1856: When people ask me . . . for what is called a policy, the only answer is that we mean to do what may seem to be best, upon each occasion as it arises, making the interests of our country ones guiding principle.  [13]   The policy framer participating in the development of interests must take the following issues into account: How flexible can the interest of the moment be in relation to the states core interests of the period? Must the interest be based on either realism or morality, or rather; can it be some combination of the two? Where does the interest fit in terms of how it is to be categorized with what degree of intensity? Perhaps the most complicating factor that the policy framer must take into account will be the influence of domestic politics on the interest formulation process. The concept that resource allocation by type and quantity will be impacted by the identification of the interest designed to guide a policy creates a critical linkage between the two. The connection is key because, in a democracy, it is the government of a state actor that will have to sustain the investment of resources required to attain the interest. Interests with greater fidelity and less ambiguity are easier for governments and populations to support because they have a clearer idea of why it is they are being asked to do something, like allocate money or military forces.  [14]  At the same time, such a detailed understanding could lead to a lack of support on the part of either the government, the people, or parts thereof, if the interest is assessed to be too low on the scale of intensity. If they are to develop relevant and executable 21st century interests, a most important understanding for those participating in the interest development process must be that they are endowed with a degree of flexibility allowing them to discern the limits of domestic politics in terms of what types of interests are likely to be supportable. This must entail the provision of the maximum amount of data available for the development and resulting identification of the interests at hand. The greater the fidelity and degree of consensus on categorisation and level of intensity, the greater the possibility that the public will support actions to protect or advance the interest. DEFINITIONS At this juncture it would be worthwhile to look at some definitions, to get a complete perspective in to national interests,power and security. National interests The national interest, often referred to by the French term raison dÉtat, is a countrys goals and ambitions whether economic, military, or cultural. The notion is an important one in international relations where pursuit of the national interest is the foundation of the realist school. It has 5 major dimensions namely; Geo Political, Economic, Military, Socio-cultural, and Science Technology. National Interests therefore stem from the evolving National goals in each of these dimensions and is also a reflection of the relative National Strengths with regard to these dimensions. POWER In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. States with this ability are called powers, NATIONAL STRATEGY The art and science of developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power (diplomatic, economic, military, and informational) to achieve objectives that contribute to national security. Also called national strategy or grand strategy. NATIONAL SECURITY 1. National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military and political power and the exercise of diplomacy. 2. National security can be defined as a collective term encompassing both national defence and foreign relations.  [15]  In general, it is the study of the security problems faced by [actors], of the policies and programs by which these problems are addressed, and also of the government processes through which the policies and programs are decided upon and carried out.  [16]  It relates both externally and internally to the actor-the foreign and domestic components of national security. 3. In the context of USA it is a collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign relations of the United States. Specifically, the condition provided by: (a) a military or defense advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations; (b) a favorable foreign relations position; or (c) a defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from within or without, overt or covert. 4. National security is thus a multi-dimensional view and response towards protecting National Interests against internal and external threats. It is dynamic and evolving as a derivative of National Interests which in itself is an evolving derivative of National Strength. It Underpins and guarantees the pursuit of National Objectives in a competing international arena. Further any issue that has the potential to directly impact the pursuit of National Goals can be classified as an area of National Interest, and it can thus be brought under the ambit of national security. ECONOMIC POWER Modern conflict, from conventional warfare to diplomatic disputes, has increasingly involved economics in some form. Nations use economic tools to pursue objectives, seek economic resources as national goals, or are affected by economic events that influence their national security. Both state and non-state actors use economic power to wage war and to influence events regionally or globally. Economic considerations range from simple access to resources like water or raw materials through transforming resources into finished products or services to providing financial resources. The ability to gather, transform, and use resources is a key component to national security. Many human activities, including those involving national security, can be either severely limited or dramatically enhanced by economic factors. Military operations and other national security actions frequently depend on the results of economic capability. Without the capacity to produce, finance, or support key natio nal security activities, a nation would have a limited ability to protect its domestic and international interests. Economic power has spread widely and gained importance in recent years. Globalisation, the reliance on economics, and the diffusion of economic power from a few industrial states to many developing ones has radically changed the world. Global economic success has also conferred power on a large group of sovereign governments and even corporations. The threat or actual action by a government, organization, or cartel can create enormous economic impact. Markets are extremely sensitive to news that would affect potential financial or economic activity. Oil prices can rise rapidly if tensions increase in the Persian Gulf or if a natural disaster occurs. Single events with little obvious international significance could ignite a sell off by investors in overseas and domestic stock markets. Global communications can spread panic and exacerbate the condition. The changing environment has altered the emphasis on national elements of power so that military power is not necessarily the primary coercive tool in international relations, and economic power has gained increased importance  [17]  . During the age of total war that spanned World Wars I and II, military power was the coin of the realm in foreign affairs. Economic power played a role in those wars, but the fight for national survival overrode the impact of domestic and international macroeconomic stability or growth. Economics served primarily as a provider of resources to the military element of power. In an era of increased consumer demand, technological growth, changes in society, and the evolving nature of conflict, the importance of economic considerations rose. During the Cold War, national survival was still at stake, but even then economic considerations became just as important as nuclear parity with the Soviet Union. President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned of military ex penditures impeding future economic growth the net result of which would degrade security for the nation. Nuclear sufficiency became acceptable rather than superiority with the associated costly numbers of intercontinental ballistic missiles, strategic bombers, and submarines. Guns versus butter questions also arose as the challenges of an undeclared Cold War against Moscow pitted social spending against defence resources. Today, economic issues play a pivotal role in conflict. Advanced technology, contractors on the battlefield, volunteer militaries (that tend to be more expensive than conscript armies), reconstruction of battle ravaged nations, and other considerations make war and conflict expensive. Countries do not have inexhaustible resources to conduct long wars even if there is a direct and desperate threat to national survival. Questions of national treasury, consumer demand, labour constraints, finance, and other economic considerations can sway public sentiment against a conflict. If one nation wages war or takes other actions to isolate another state, investors around the world become nervous. Stock and commodity markets could affect financial conditions and create unforeseen reactions. These reactions may create adverse conditions that could force a change in strategy by the nation trying to influence a rivals behavior  [18]  . As economic issues affect national security capabilities and activities, so might efforts that involve national security create global economic impacts. War or political disruption in an oil producing region will initiate tremors in the international energy sector. Although a nation might not be directly affected by the initial problem, the populace can suffer from increased prices from petroleum products that could result in greater unemployment, inflation, credit issues, and foreign exchange problems. Demands for added military expenditures could translate to increased taxes that discourage consumer spending and business investment or reductions in other governmental activities that can directly shape the economic landscape. Competition for limited resources to meet national security policy objectives could also hamper private or other governmental activities. Nations can increase borrowing, raise taxes, spend surpluses, confiscate resources, or monetize debt. All of these options have unique economic effects on a nation. Economics is an element of national power. Normally, one of a nations key national interests is maintaining a viable economy to ensure a certain standard of living for its citizenry. States can use economic power to deter, compel, coerce, fight, and even rebuild a former opponent to meet a particular need. Economics becomes a vital component of the ends, ways, and means of security. Perhaps uniquely among the traditional elements of national power, economics might be any of the three aspects of strategy-the objective of a nations strategy might be economic; economics might provide the means to achieve the end; or a nation might pursue its ends using economics as the primary way to exert power. Whether economics is a way or a means to achieve a national interest or if it is a cause or motivation to take an action, national leaders must pay attention to this increasingly significant security factor. ECONOMICS AND NATIONAL INTEREST States and non-state actors have historically fought over economic issues. Wars about open access to resources, trade routes, competition, profit, and other economic issues are common in military and diplomatic history. A keen competition for resources among governments, individuals, corporations, and other actors has created a complex web of economic dependencies and rivalries that was not as important in the past. Similarly, economic conditions can create an environment that fosters demands for change that could create a civil war, a fight for access to markets or resources, or other forms of economic competition. Countries with weak or failing economies may resort to actions that they might not have considered had their economies been stronger. One specific area which deserves a brief discussion is oil as a cause or objective of war. Reliable access to oil at reasonable rates is a vital national security interest for every developed and many of the more developing nations. Governments or international organizations that control oil production or pricing can effectively disrupt global economic conditions-whether purposefully or accidentally. A monopoly or oligopoly that controls a strategic asset, capability, or raw material has great potential to disrupt economies and create political instability, although few commodities have the same potential impact as oil. Major perceived or actual disruptions in the oil market are serious events that easily can trigger hostile responses from concerned governments. Today, oil is the best example of a resource that is both scarce and vital; however, other resources like water are also likely sources of conflict. We can expect economic issues-particularly access to raw materials and resou rces-to remain one of the significant objectives of international relations and causes of conflict. Economic intervention in or withdrawal from the economy of a foreign nation-as opposed to supporting its debt-can have tremendous impact on the financial well being of a region or country. Governments do not usually participate directly in the economy of another nation. However, direct participation in the economy of another nation through private companies is widespread. Depending on the business and political climate of firms home state, such participation may provide some degree of power for that home state  [19]  . Regardless of the degree of external governmental control, decisions by private firms and multinational corporations to invest or do business in a country can influence national policies. Such decisions are independent and can be contrary to a host nations interests. In an age of globalized financial markets, almost any corporation, organization, or individual can transfer capital into a country or take it out. This transfer generally can occur by using national or international stock, bond, commodity markets, or through direct investment into business ventures. Rapid inflow of capital can provide a needed boast to growth while rapid outflow can sink a nation into recession. Governments can use their economic power through other means. For example, rather than lending money by bond purchases, they can provide direct support to another nation through a variety of programs that essentially provide money or services. Foreign aid, loan guarantees, technical aid and services, and other assistance can provide a number of flexible tools to support national interests. The transfer of wealth from developed to developing countries that sell raw materials or manufacture low-cost products can create economic problems. Governments worried about the outflow of capital, goods, services, industries, and jobs might erect barriers to restrict or stop trade. Such actions rarely go unchallenged, and a counter tariff barrier or legal challenge is a likely response. Conversely, governments willing to accept what are hopefully temporary trade imbalances for potential future benefits may allow the transfer of wealth and even industries and jobs to continue. Such is the political and economic theory behind the whole free trade movement-the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) being a visible example. Transfer of key technologies, processes, equipment, or skills can also enable foreign governments and private firms-granting in some cases access to capabilities that would have taken years and many resources to acquire independently. Economic power normally involves the trade of finished goods or raw materials. Few countries can claim to produce all of the goods and services that their citizens use. Many nations require energy imports to subsist. Conversely, nations that may have oil, natural gas, or other energy sources might need food imports or other foreign services like skilled labour. Nations can work within international trade agreements, or they may take unilateral action to expand or restrict trade. A country might try to limit trade to hurt a rival. Economic power could also prevent or limit actions taken by a rival. Suppose a country requires a scarce raw material. If an adversary has sufficient funds, influence, or credit, it could purchase and withhold that raw material from its foe. The nation could also coerce sellers to prevent sale of that raw material to the opponent. States could put pressure indirectly on an opponents allies to force a nation to take certain actions. After the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Arab oil-producing countries refused to sell oil to the United States and other nations that supported Israel. This embargo boosted oil prices and shifted international power from the developed nations to ones that relied primarily on oil extraction. Political and economic power was redistributed when these actions were combined with the nationalization of private, foreign-owned petroleum companies in these oil exporting nations.  [20]   THE PRIVATE SECTOR AS A STRATEGIC TOOL Although not generally controlled by governments, disregarding currency manipulations designed to offset them, commercial balance of payments are another form of debt that can have foreign policy implications. Fears of a pending financial disaster could cause lenders to pull capital out of the market and further exacerbate the situation. Unfortunately, globalized communications can now spread fears among global investors almost instantaneously. The result is that economic issues that might have been localized events only decades ago can now turn into global issues. Additionally, since private investors may act contrary to government desires, governmental and even international efforts to stem economic crises may be ineffective. Some nations fear excessive foreign investment due to a perceived influence or concern over precipitous withdrawal; others accept the risk and welcome foreign investment as a reasonably available source of funds. Although some nations find these actions helpful, critics argue that this capability can also be used to stifle competition, protect national interests, or create geopolitical troublemaking.  [21]  Foreign funds do provide a needed economic boast, but t hey can also disappear quickly should confidence fail Multinational corporations and firms typically have the resources and ability to get access to once closed markets. Governments might offer subsidies or grant special benefits to attract business to their country. Once established, the multinational corporation could exert a powerful influence on the government since its affairs affect the nations economy. Similarly, in highly contested markets, a multinational corporation could offer restricted technologies, move production of key subcomponents, offer bribes, expand production beyond the initial plan, or provide other incentives to gain access to the market. Companies can lobby their home countrys government (assuming it favours the move into the other nations market) for help lifting trade restrictions or access to technology or influencing the host nations foreign policy. In the most basic sense, economic power is an entitys ability to acquire, produce, and use raw materials, goods, and services. A nation cannot engage in conflict over an extended period without an adjustment to its economy. In many cases, countries must devote goods or services to prepare for or fight a war or even to conduct other activities that affect the national interest. Humanitarian aid, defence expenditures, diplomacy, alliance membership, and other vital actions depend on a countrys ability to raise and spend tax revenues, borrow funds, use surpluses, or finance these measures. Economic power allows players to conduct actions by providing the personnel, equipment, operating materials, infrastructure, and short or long term sustainment of that capability Governments purchase commodities and equipment like a business, obtain labour (military, government civilian, and contractor), maintain physical infrastructure, conduct research and development, and in some cases also produce unique goods and services peculiar to national security. Resource decisions mold the creation of force structure to include investments in weapons, recruitment and retention of military and civilian personnel, decisions to fund military or non-military government programs, and a host of other concerns that affect national security policy. Further, economic conditions, once the exclusive concern of financial institutions, investors, and businesses, now affect military decisions that range from recruitment to government borrowing that directly influences a powers ability to provide military capability. Arms sales, transfers of key military technologies or technologies related to weapons of mass destruction, contracting for goods and services by individuals and firms, and other economic activities can influence the national security environment. Nations that have sufficient resources can upgrade their military forces with more and better capabilities. Military forces that lack personnel or equipment could rely on contracted services or purchase advanced weaponry from other nations. If the state has limited forces, it can change the composition of its military forces by hiring specialized services that would have taken years to develop or that they only need for a limited time. Contractors on the battlefield are not new phenomena. The U.S. Government has used contractors in several wars. Other nations have hired military pilots and aircraft, logistics, and combat forces to expand and enhance their limited capabilities. Today, governments can lease satellite communications, photographic imagery, multi-spectral analysis, and navigational systems that were once the province of superpowers that had exclusive use of space systems. Individuals, firms, and governments can use these functions-for a price. This capability can change a balance of power at critical times during a conflict. Oil profits have allowed the Russian government to finance a larger military budget that has given Moscow the ability to build a new intercontinental ballistic missile, aircraft, and other weapons to revitalize its national security and foreign policies. Other countries, like Iran and Venezuela, also fuel their defense and security programs by oil sales. Nations building advanced technology consumer goods like information systems could use similar technologies to improve their military forces. While national leaders consider and adapt economics as an element of national power, these same leaders are also affected by economic events that may limit their policies options. Economic considerations can have very influential impacts on the conduct of military operations and diplomatic actions. Globalisation has allowed nations to conduct business with allies, former enemies, and potential rivals. New relationships between citizens and governments that highlight cost reductions, profits, and long range business activities can impact national security measures in a host of ways. Current economic conditions also have a large impact on military operations. Inflation contributes to reduced purchasing power by a government. This includes activities from purchasing fuel, paying for contracted work, demands for greater pay for military and civilian workers, and other acquisition activities  [22]  . Similarly, a recession-a sustained downturn in economic activities-reduces tax revenues and encourages moves by politicians to stimulate the economy or support the unemployed or struggling citizens. These policies can significantly reduce the amount of defence spending for a nation. However, some of these conditions might provide relief to the government. Unemployment may ease recruitment and retention problems in the military. Increased competition for fewer government contracts might reduce the cost of operations. Tools to fight economic problems may also create unforeseen issues. A central bank could raise or lower interest rates. These actions can affect the ava ilability of investors to purchase government debt and the cost of borrowing for contractors to build the latest fighter aircraft. OTHER ECONOMIC SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS Expanding trade can provide several benefits to nations. It can create better efficiencies in production by seeking the lowest cost, most effective producers. This situation could lead to greater economic growth and improved standards of living around the world. However, not all nations find an economic niche that allows economic growth. Cheaper outsourced services and imported goods may destroy domestic industries. Large numbers of unemployed workers could create domestic problems for a government. Further, reliance on foreign imports could impoverish the state and complicate its financial and credit situation. If nations rely on foreign goods, then any problem that hinders trade could cause issues globally. A natural disaster, potential conflict, trade dispute, or other problem could restrict the flow of needed products. ECONOMICS AND FUTURE NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES In the future, security conflict among nations may change from predominately military contests to ones primarily featuring other elements of national power. That option is also open to non-state a

sunday too far away :: essays research papers

Sunday Too Far Away is set on an Australian sheep station in 1955. It shows the life of a shearer, Foley (played by Jack Thompson), In the hardships of living through the union action of that year and the consequences of age in the demanding and competitive world of the shearers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the film traces the actions of Foley . Foley is a long time gun shearer who has returned from retirement for one last season to make the most of a pay rise to shearers. Though out shawn by a new comer Foley is the uncontested leader of the shearing gang. Through him and scenes like the unmotivated break down in front of the owner's daughter, the only feminine aspect of the film, the audience receives the emotion of the film. His predicament and the feel of the film are emphasized with the parellelism of the older alchoholic Garth and his young clumsy counter part. Foley is the most active character initiating brawls and jeering the arriving scabs. Director Ken Hannam uses the eclectic character range of the film to demonstrate the masculinity and mateship of Australian culture in the era. The competitiveness, alchoholism, gambling and distain for the daughter reak â€Å"Aussie† maleness and provide a bleak but relative humour to the film. Through out the film speech is kept to a minimum and the feel of the film is replaced by actions such as the scene where Foley and his â€Å"mate† compete in washing clothes while naked. Through similar scenes it seems that Ken Hannam is showing the nessecity and pain of masculine culture through the characters and situations presented. sunday too far away :: essays research papers Sunday Too Far Away is set on an Australian sheep station in 1955. It shows the life of a shearer, Foley (played by Jack Thompson), In the hardships of living through the union action of that year and the consequences of age in the demanding and competitive world of the shearers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the film traces the actions of Foley . Foley is a long time gun shearer who has returned from retirement for one last season to make the most of a pay rise to shearers. Though out shawn by a new comer Foley is the uncontested leader of the shearing gang. Through him and scenes like the unmotivated break down in front of the owner's daughter, the only feminine aspect of the film, the audience receives the emotion of the film. His predicament and the feel of the film are emphasized with the parellelism of the older alchoholic Garth and his young clumsy counter part. Foley is the most active character initiating brawls and jeering the arriving scabs. Director Ken Hannam uses the eclectic character range of the film to demonstrate the masculinity and mateship of Australian culture in the era. The competitiveness, alchoholism, gambling and distain for the daughter reak â€Å"Aussie† maleness and provide a bleak but relative humour to the film. Through out the film speech is kept to a minimum and the feel of the film is replaced by actions such as the scene where Foley and his â€Å"mate† compete in washing clothes while naked. Through similar scenes it seems that Ken Hannam is showing the nessecity and pain of masculine culture through the characters and situations presented.

Introduction to Duty of Care in Health and Social Care Settings

CU235P/CT235 Introduction to Duty of Care in Health and Social Care or Children's and Young People's Settings 1. Undestand the implications of Duty of Care. 1. 1 Define the term â€Å"duty of care'. Duty of care is an obligation that a person/healthcare worker acts towards others and public with watchfulness, attention and caution in a reasonable and civilized way. SU needs to know that his welfare, safety and interest are put in the centre of attention of any healthcare organisation. 1. 2 Describe how duty of care affects own work role.Every healthcare worker has a duty to act accordingly not just towards the clients but also their co-workers, other healthcare professionals and themselves. – following GCSS Code of Practise – keeping knowledge and skills up to date – not undertaking procedures outside own competences – acting in the best interest of clients – ensuring health, safety, welfare of clients – adhere to companies policies and proc edures 2. Understand support available for addressing dilemmas that may arise about duty of care. 2. 1 Describe dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an Individuals rights.Despite all the efforts of healthcare providers to ensure an Individual recieves the best possible care there might arise conflicts and dilemmas between healthcare worker and SU. Those conflicts may include: refusing a meal, type of activity, refusing medication or a treatment. Arising conflicts should be resolved as quickly as possible in a most satisfactory matter for both sides. The Human Rights Acts states that every person has the right to decide about own life, they can refuse the treatments and medication they recieve.It is essential to explain why they need that particular care and make them aware of pros and cons. 2. 2 Explain where to get additional support and advice about how to resolve such dilemmas. The Line Manager is the first person to turn to in any doubt. Family and friends of an Individual may be able to help. Other healthcare providers involved in care of an Individual. 3. Know how to respond to complaints. 3. 1 Describe how to respond to complaints. If an Individual is dissatisfied with provided care, he has the right to complain.Every company should have easy to access complaints procedure. When dealing with a complain on one to one basic healthcare worker should take the individual to a quiet and safe place, listen to an Individual carefully, be serious and polite, try to calm down the situation and apologise if necessary, inform an Individual about complains procedure. After the conversation with an Individual the healthcare worker should inform the manager. 3. 2 Identify the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints.Every complain should be taken seriously and all the actions following a complain should be as quick as possible. If it's not possible to solve the problem straight after a complain, the manager should be informed. The conta ct with an Individual complaining should be polite and symphatetic. After talking the problem through the management should come up with a path of actions to solve the problem and arrange another meeting with the Individual to make sure the solution is satisfactory. All complains should be documented.

Knowledge And Application Of Skills Social Work Essay Essays

Knowledge And Application Of Skills Social Work Essay Essays Knowledge And Application Of Skills Social Work Essay Essay Knowledge And Application Of Skills Social Work Essay Essay Crisis can be defined as an unbearable hard state of affairs or obstruction in life, when an person s get bying mechanisms fail, farther intensifying into emotional torment and disorganisation ; therefore, doing complete immobilisation in his/her day-to-day operation and necessitating for immediate crisis intercession or referral ( James, 2008 ) . Crisis can originate from nerve-racking or traumatic state of affairss due to one or more issues refering to serious medical unwellness, force, personal loss of loved one, sudden homelessness due to natural catastrophes, heavy fiscal debts, colza, or broken relationships. James ( 2008 ) characterizes crisis as danger and chance, complexness of symptoms, seeds of growing and alteration, speedy holes and, by catholicity and foible. An single faces psychological issues that can overmaster concluding when crisis takes the signifier of danger, such as self-destruction or homicide. However, crisis can be seen as an chance to redemption if the individual decides to obtain aid at the right clip. Second, crisis can besides happen if a individual reaches a breakage point due to an overpowering series of multifaceted jobs and state of affairss, originating from his/her environment, establishments, and/or relationships with people. Third, crisis can take to growing and alteration if the person makes a pick at the right clip. When anxiousness precedes crisis, it finally leads to an person s admittance that the state of affairs is beyond control and resignations to intervention that brings about a alteration. However, the pick to avoid decision-making can merely ta ke to lay waste toing effects. Fourthly, people tend to fall back to quick holes when faced with crisis ; but these holes are superficial and do non convey about lasting alteration. It merely aggravates the state of affairs. Last, one understands that life is complex, and crisis is inevitable ; and even the strongest individual is susceptible to force per unit area. However, the degrees of exposure and get bying mechanisms to cover with the same state of affairs may differ from one person to another. Barjon ( 2008 ) describes the BASICS theoretical account of crisis experience as behavioural, affectional, bodily, interpersonal, cognitive and religious severally. Behavioral refers to the precursors and effects of behaviour before and after a crisis, reflected in a client s reactions ( E.g. daze, calls of terror or hurt ) . Affective is the emotional strength of the client s behavior station crisis ( E.g. Anger, fright, anxiousness, depression, shame, etc. ) . Bodily refers to the client s physical symptoms eventful to the crisis, which may show itself as insomnia, concern, spasms, shortness of breath, sickness etc. Interpersonal is a province in which the client may either experience backdown or may be given to be highly vocal and expressive. Cognitive refers to the client s thought procedure station crisis, which may come up as denial, obfuscation, daze or freak out. Last, the religious facet is the client s trust on religion to cover with the crisis ( e.g. Questioning God s pro grams and the significances and enigmas of life itself ) . In order to make crisis intercession work, ( Gregoire A ; Jungers, 2007 ) the crisis worker should possess appraisal accomplishments to implement the six-step theoretical account of crisis intercession: 1 ) Specifying the job: Regardless of clip restraints, it is indispensable to infer a speedy effect of the state of affairs, to avoid any mistakes in misinterpreting the client. It is imperative to understand the client and his/her pursue the point of position. 2 ) Guaranting safety: Crisis workers should keep their safety by being qui vive of any at hand dangers that could impact the client or themselves ; nevertheless, they are non apt to endanger their lives in the procedure. 3 ) Supplying support: Similar to client-centered therapy, the crisis worker should show and pass on congruity, unconditioned positive attitude, and empathy, to do the client feel valued and accepted. 4 ) Analyzing options: In a province of crisis, the client can no longer treat ideas and do determinations as they feel there are no options left. Therefore, the worker should believe creatively, and supply the client with options and suggest get bying mechanisms as a manner to reimburse and self-actualize ( p. 560-561 ) . 5 ) Making programs: Crisis workers ( James, 2008 ) demand to be directing and prompt in inventing eventuality programs and supplying get bying schemes. They should promote the client to self-actualize inorder to recover some assurance and stableness, at least temporarily until aid arrives. Further support can be given by proposing referrals and giving directional stairss. 6 ) Obtaining committedness: The last measure should affect obtaining a steadfast committedness from the client, merely after holding reached a successful program of action. Committedness can be made symbolically, possibly by manner of a handshaking, written statement or a verbal promise. The expiration of the intercession should non take topographic point if the worker feels the client is still in the province of disequilibrium to do an honorable committedness. Conclusively, the first three stairss relate to good hearing accomplishments by go toing, demoing empathy, detecting, understanding, caring and regard ; whereas the last three stairss require moving and directing accomplishments. Another noteworthy facet to crisis intercession is the triage appraisal. Roberts ( 2005 ) asserts the importance of this appraisal as a tool to do simple, rapid and valid appraisals on the degrees of crisis and deadliness, sing the short span of clip. Triage assessment system enables the worker to roll up information if possible ( e.g. Person s demographics and background from a household member or relations ) ; gauge the individual s mobility, get bying mechanism and equilibrium ; find the badness of the state of affairs ; and, take required steps ( e.g. Supply referrals to reliable support groups, healers or short-run hospitalization ) to forestall the person from making any farther self-harm to himself/herself or to others. The worker can so agree whether to take a directive, non directive or collaborative attack. ( James, 2008 ) A good crisis worker will possess both theoretical and practical accomplishments in order to transport out crisis intercession work. Some of the salient features in an effectual worker include: 1 ) Life experiences: A worker who has more life experiences, accompanied with preparation, and have overcome their ain jobs successfully, may be able to manage clients in a better manner. There are exclusions to the instance: If the worker has non overcome his past jobs, there is an increasing inclination to reassign the negative thoughts or feelings on to the client. There are plentifulness of cases where workers decide to work with people who face the same job as they may hold undergone. 2 ) Poise: There is a high opportunity that the worker may meet unexpected or lurid state of affairss, where any show of agitation, can take the client to feed on the negativeness, and worsen the state of affairs. Therefore, keeping poise and control can promote the client to quiet down. 3 ) Creativity and flexibleness: Thinking out-of-the-box and being able to happen out different solutions and get bying mechanisms at short notice, can function as greater advantages in assisting the client reconstruct his equilibrium and concentrate on positiveness. 4 ) Quick mental physiological reactions: A crisis worker should hold speedy mental physiological reactions without which, it will be hard to manage a altering state of affairs. Considering, there is no excess clip to chew over and garner a batch of information, the worker should believe and run rapidly, being ready for any turn in events. 5 ) Energy and Resiliency: The worker has to be physically and psychologically strong to confront tough state of affairss, irrespective of the result of the intercession. Upon expiration of the intercession, crisis workers should follow resilience, and give no room for reconsideration, lest that affect their morale and consequence in a burn out. One can non compare a crisis worker s occupation to any other worker as non everyone can manage the occupation. Hoff A ; Hoff ( 2012 ) highlights the fact that the sheer work load and trouble of instances and the clip taken to do a discovery with a client can overpower the worker. Frustration is inevitable due to remote working with no way or audience on the scene of intercession. To cover with emphasis on a daily footing possibly normal, but the state of affairs could gyrate beyond control if the emphasis piles up and the worker does non vent it out. Harmonizing to Corey A ; Corey ( 2007 ) , crisis workers face intense emphasis when they mix their professional life and individual life. Crisis workers need to be resilient and emotionally strong, or they easy risk a burnout. Changeless contemplation on their ain experiences and personal transmutations which made them stronger persons is necessary to assist them step in efficaciously. The worker is fleeceable to experience responsibl e for any failed intercession. ( Hoff A ; Hoff, 2012 ) The employers can decide burnout issues by supplying the worker with compensatory vacations and periodic guidance. Introducing a problem-solving commission and revolving the workers to take part in other diverse plants can besides relieve some force per unit area. In decision, all the above kineticss confirm one fact: A crisis workers occupation of crisis intercession is demanding in all respects and it takes a strong personality and multiple accomplishments to cover with the sensitivenesss of a crisis state of affairs. Correct and timely intercession can debar farther catastrophe. The writer feels that crisis workers are like obscure heroes who do their occupation bravely and with doggedness, but disappear without acknowledgment on a occupation good done, merely to acquire ready for the following mission. Word count: 1600

Orville Lynn Majors v. State of Indiana †Criminal Law (400 Level Course)

Orville Lynn Majors v. State of Indiana – Criminal Law (400 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Orville Lynn Majors vs. State of Indiana Criminal Law (400 Level Course) 773 N.E.2d. 231 (2002) Facts: Majors worked as a licensed practical nurse at Vermillion County Hospital. In March of 1995, an investigation began into a series of suspicious patient deaths at the hospital. The investigation revealed that Majors was present at the sudden and unexpected deaths of seven of the patients, and that no one else was present at all seven. Investigators concluded that Majors killed these people by injecting them with potassium chloride. The state charged Majors with seven counts of murder. The sequestered jury heard testimony for about six weeks and deliberated for more than three days. Near the end of the trial the judge became aware that a juror was making inappropriate facial expressions and instructed the bailiff to privately caution the juror to be more circumspect. Neither the juror nor parties knew that the judge sent the message. It found majors guilty on six counts and deadlocked on the seventh, resulting in a mistrial on that count. Majors’ was sentenced to a term of 360 years. Majors requests a new trial because one juror ordered and drank two beers that a bailiff delivered to the juror’s hotel room on the evening after the third day of deliberations. The juror saw the bailiff running up and down the halls filling orders that he assumed others were drinking as well. Next Majors claims that the State took the jurors on two outings and claims that influenced the jury to favor the state After the trial Majors claims that the right to explore further his allegations of juror misconduct by deposing jurors who spoke to the State after the trial but chose not to speak with the defense counsel. During the investigation police interviewed Andrew Harris. During Harris’ cross-examination, defense counsel elicited the fact that Harris had secured an immunity agreement. With the Court’s permission, the state then rehabilitated Harris on re-direct with testimony that the immunity agreement was a prerequisite to Harris’ agreement to submit to a polygraph exam that ultimately indicated that Harris had nothing to do with the murders. Issue: 1. Whether or not the court erred in ex parte communications with a juror that would violate the defendant’s due process rights. 2. Whether the court erred in establishing juror’s misconduct, which would then result with a new trial. a. The juror who consumed two beers at the hotel b. The gathering that the Judge and Bailiffs held. c. The comments about the attorneys. 3. Whether or not the court erred in not allowing the taking of juror depositions. 4. Whether or not the court abused the discretion to admit evidence regarding the polygraph examination of defendant’s roommate. 5. Cumulative error Holding: The court held that: (1) trial court’s ex parte communications with juror did not violate defendant’s due process rights; (2) evidence did not establish juror misconduct which would warrant a new trial; (3) post- verdict juror depositions were not warranted; and (4) trial court had discretion to admit evidence regarding polygraph examination of defendant’s roommate. (5) Because the Court found no errors, cumulative effect analysis is inapplicable. Judgment of the trial court was affirmed. Rationale: (1). The mere occurrence of an ex parte conversation between a trial judge and a juror does not constitute a deprivation of any constitutional right. The defense has no constitutional right to be present at every interaction between judge and a juror. (2a). A full night had passed after the juror drank the beers, none of the jurors showed any effects related to alcohol consumption. (2b). The court stated that friendships may have developed between the security officers and the jurors here; nothing in the record indicates that Majors suffered prejudice as a result of the two outings or the modest birthday gift. (2c) The Court basically stated that it did not matter what the juror stated. The Court found that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by rejecting Majors’ claims of juror misconduct. (3). The State obtained affidavits from all eleven jurors and three alternates. None offered any evidence of alcohol consumptions during deliberations, improper prejudicial information, or any outside influence, which are only subjects to which jurors may testify under 060(b) and many denied any such activity. (4). The probable impact of the polygraph evidence was minimal as another witness provided testimony that Majors admitted that he killed patients at the hospital using potassium chloride. The most damning evidence against Majors came from the medical staff and experts, who established that six of the victims died an unnatural death. (5) Because the court found no errors, cumulative effect analysis is inapplicable. Research Papers on Orville Lynn Majors v. State of Indiana - Criminal Law (400 Level Course)Unreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Fifth HorsemanCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)PETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Research Process Part OneQuebec and Canada

The Importance of Processes in Reverse Logistics Essay

The Importance of Processes in Reverse Logistics - Essay Example least cost and highest efficiency). A reverse logistics operation is considerably different from forward logistics. It must establish convenient collection points to receive the used goods from the final customer or remove assets from the supply chain so that more efficient use of inventory / material overall can be achieved. It requires packaging and storage systems that will ensure that most of the value still remaining in the used good is not lost due to careless handling. It often requires the development of a transportation mode that is compatible with existing forward logistic system. Disposition can include returning assets into inventory pools or warehouses for storage, returning goods to the original manufacturer for reimbursement, selling goods on a secondary market, recycling assets, or a combination that will yield maximum value for the assets in question. Reverse logistics, simply put, comprise all activities associated with a product/service after the point of sale, the ultimate goal to optimize or make more efficient aftermarket activity thus saving money. However, easy as it may looks , the processes involved requires a large degree of considerations coupled with careful planning. Speed of retrieval is the primary measure of efficiency and ... Speed of retrieval is the primary measure of efficiency and the choice of the method of transportation is the primary determinant of speed. Unlike in the distribution system where deliveries are made to stationary locations, retrieval would often require door-to-door visits. This is especially a problem in hard to access areas where travel would be tedious and costly. A decision has to be made on what method would be efficient. It may require a combination of measures such as carriers (trucks) for aggregate acquisition and vans/ordinary passenger vehicle for unit acquisition. Now what was stated above is only the acquisition part. There is also the delivery of the warehoused materials to the processing site. Since transportation will now be in terms of aggregate terms, a carrier must be assigned. In all these process, there is the possibility of problems suddenly appearing. In some case, carriers may always experience breakdowns or may get lost from trying to find the retrieval point. This would generally lead to higher costs as maintenance and fuel expenditures become large. Transportation may be outsourced and these would generally necessitate an analysis of current market rates. Again, the efficiency of the carrier should be evaluated as they may prove to be too costly for hiring and ineffective for the planned process. Warehousing A logistician's main problem in warehousing Returned products is how to store them until a decision is made on what to do with them. The returned products will require space - that is a fact that every logistician should realize and the firm can not relegate the storage of returning products to others in a way they can when they are distributing new products. Additional space would mean additional cost of handling to the

Journal entry 11, 12 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal entry 11, 12 - Coursework Example Students have a better understanding of texts if they understand the meaning of the words they read. Reference aids and dictionaries help student expand and intensify their knowledge of words (Armbruster, Lehr, and Osborn, 2006). The process of improving vocabulary is a simple, but at times complex process that requires repeated exposure to words. Evidently, small-group instruction is more beneficial than whole-group instruction for improving vocabulary. Phonemic awareness is essential for educators, as one has to hear, recognize, and manipulate individual sound (Armbruster, Lehr, and Osborn, 2006). In summary, an instructor should focus on specific needs of each student. It makes it easy for instructors to focus on the specific challenges in vocabulary that a child faces. Flexibility in application of EBPs is both useful and detrimental depending on the level of awareness of a student. At times, the ability to apply a strategy that relates specifically to improving vocabulary is effective, rather than concentration on disorders as a whole. Word reading ability and comprehension are two different challenges that students face, and it is essential that educators see them as separate entities (Cook and Cook, 2011). After tackling the issues separately, instructors and educators can implement the collaborative strategy (Boardman, Klinger, Boele, and Swanson, 2012), which involves summarizing information and peer discussion, to improve comprehension for students with learning disabilities. Fluency instruction is also useful for word recognition and comprehension (Armbruster, Lehr, and Osborn, 2006). The ability to recognize words means that one can concentrate in text comprehension and connect ideas in the text. Oral reading helps improve fluency, which translates to better understanding of text. Difficulties in basic reading skills often affect comprehension of expository text. Instructors should provide students with reading approaches that support active